SARS危重患者无创正压通气并发症分析及呼吸治疗策略的探讨

目的　对严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)危重患者行无创正压通气 (NIPPV)后出现气胸或纵隔气肿的临床资料进行分析 ,并探讨相应的呼吸治疗策略。方法　回顾性分析 2 7例行 NIPPV的 SARS危重患者的临床资料。结果　 2 7例行 NIPPV的 SARS危重患者中 ,有 7例出现气胸或纵隔气肿 ;189例未行机械通气的 SARS患者中 1例出现纵隔气肿 ;与后者比较 ,行 NIPPV的 SARS危重患者气胸或纵隔气肿发生率有非常显著性差异 (χ2 =2 5 .0 5 2 ,P<0 .0 1)。调整通气压力并适当提高吸入氧浓度后 ,所有患者脉搏容积血氧饱和度均无明显变化。 7例患者气胸或纵隔气肿均未进一步发展且逐步好转。结论　 SARS危重患者行 NIPPV后所出现气胸或纵隔气肿现象 ,可能与 SARS造成肺脏损伤、剧烈咳嗽及机械通气压力过高有关。对 SARS危重患者行 NIPPV治疗时谋求改善低氧血症的同时 ,还应该选择最佳的通气压力 ,以避免气胸或纵隔气肿的发生。

Clinical analysis of complications after noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and an inquiry into the respiratory treatment strategy in patients with SARS

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical data of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients with pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema occurring after the non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), and to inquire into relevant strategy in respiratory treatment in the SARS patients. METHODS: Twenty-seven serious cases of SARS undergone NIPPV were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema occurred in 7 of 27 serious cases of SARS with NIPPV, and mediastinal emphysema occurred in 1 of 189 cases of SARS without mechanical ventilation (MV). The incidence of pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema in serious cases of SARS with NIPPV was significantly higher (chi2=25.052, P<0.01) than that in cases of SARS without receiving MV. The peripheral blood oxygen saturation level was not changed significantly after reasonable adjustment of ventilation pressure and increase in oxygen concentration inhaled. Seven cases of pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema improved gradually. CONCLUSION: The incidence of pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema in serious SARS patients with NIPPV is significantly higher than that in SARS patients without receiving MV. This might be related to SARS related pulmonary injuries, intensive cough and high mechanical ventilation pressure. The pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema improve gradually in all cases after reasonable adjustment of mechanical ventilative pressure. So when NIPPV is used in the treatment of serious SARS patients to improve hypoxemia, optimized mechanical ventilative pressure should be acquired in order to avoid pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema.