结构式教育对2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属的干预效果

目的探讨结构式教育对2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属胰岛素分泌第一时相异常人群的干预效果。方法将60例2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属胰岛素第一分泌时相异常者随机分为护理干预组和对照组各30例。对照组自学糖尿病知识；护理干预组以改变知、信、行为目的，由专职糖尿病护士负责指导，采用集体授课、网上咨询、定期家访3种方式，实施教育、监测、保健三位一体的结构式糖尿病教育，进行为期2个月的心理、行为干预。两组均观察随访2年，测试糖尿病教育知识，观察人体质量指数、腰臀比、血压、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖、胰岛素第一分泌时相等。结果经过护理干预后，干预组糖尿病知识及格率达90％，人体质量指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖明显下降，胰岛素第一分泌时相明显提高。结论采用结构式教育对2型糖尿病患者非糖尿病一级亲属进行教育，可以提高其自我管理能力，有助于糖尿病的预防。

Effect of structural education to diabetic patients'nondiabetic first-degree relatives

Objective To investigate the intervention effect of structural education to type 2 diabetes patients'nondiabetic first-degree relatives(FDR) with abnormal first-phase insulin secretion. Methods Sixty nondiabetic FDR with abnormal first-phase insulin secretion were divided into nursing intervention group (n=30) and control group (n=30) randomly.Control group only self studied diabetes knowledge.In the nursing intervention group,structural diabetes education with three-in-one care including education,monitoring and health care was given through three modes of collective teaching,on-line consulting and home visiting regularly by full-time diabetes education nurses.At the same time psychological and behavior intervention lasted for 2 months.Two groups were followed up for 2 years.They were tested diabetic knowledge and measured body mass index (BMI),waist hip ratio (WHR),blood pressure,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2h postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG) and first-phase insulin secretion. Results Pass ratio of knowledge on diabetes was 90% in the intervention group after intervention. BMI,WHR,FPG and 2hPG were obviously decreased,and first-phase insulin secretion was significantly increased in intervention group. Conclusion Structural diabetes education can increase self-management ability and help prevent diabetes in type 2 diabetes patients'nondiabetic FDR.