轻度认知功能障碍心理学特点和危险因素分析

目的探讨轻度认知功能障碍的心理学特点及其危险因素。方法由神经专科医生采集2009年9-12月在神经内科门诊就诊患者106例的临床资料,进行简易智能量表（MMSE）、听觉词语测验（AVLT）、画钟测验（CDT）、日常生活功能量表（ADL）、Hamilton抑郁量表（HDRS）及临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）等神经心理测试。根据检查结果分为MCI组与对照组。结果 MCI组受教育年限低于对照组（P〈0.05）,高血压病、糖尿病、脑卒中史高于对照组（P〈0.05）。Logistic多因素回归分析显示受教育年限和高血压病史与MCI密切相关。MCI组MMSE总分、CDT得分、AVLT即刻记忆、延迟记忆及长时延迟再认显著低于对照组,ADL评分及HDRS评分高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论高血压病是MCI的危险因素,较高的受教育年限是MCI的保护因素。MCI患者在多个神经心理学领域受损。

Study on Neuropsychological Characteristics and the Risk Factors of Mild Cognitive Impairment

Objective To investigate the neuropsychological characteristics of mild cognitive impairment （ MCI） and its risk factors. Methods The clinical data of 106 patients in our neurologic department from september to December 2009,were collected by neurologists,and tested them by Chinese version of the mini-mental state examination （ MMSE） ,auditory verbal learning test （ AVLT） ,clock drawing test （ CDT） 、activities of daily living （ ADL） 、Hamilton depression rating scale （ HDRS） and clinical dementia rating scale （ CDR）. All subjects were divided into MCI patients group and the control group. Results Educational level was significantly lower and hypertension,diabetes mellitus and stroke history were significantly more in patients with MCI than the control. The factors associated with MCI in logistic regression analysis were lower educational level and hypertension. The scores of MMSE、CDT and AVLT of MCI were significantly lower than those of the control,and the scores of ADL and HDRS were significantly higher than those of the control （ P〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Hypertension is the risk factor and high educational level is the protective factor for MCI. MCI patients are impaired in multiple neuropsychological domains.