压疮易患病人易患因素的评估研究

目的：为压疮易患病人发生压疮可能性的评估探讨一种准确可靠的工具。方法：本研究在Norton评估表基础上结合营养因素进行修改设计了压疮易患因素评估表。包括年龄、活动等易患因素和营养状况两方面，共14项，对100例压疮易患病人和79例压疮病人作易患因素的评估比较。对易患因素的相对危险度（Exp（B））和可能发生压疮的界值进行了分析。结果：可能发生压疮的界值为35分（P〈0．01）。多元逐步回归（前进法）得出：压疮易患固零中最危险的因素依次为运动性减退、皮肤改变和年龄增加（Exp（B）0．9368，0．9288，0．7931，P〈0.001），营养方面最危险．的因素为饮食成份和口腔情况（Exp（B）0．8939，0.6012，P〈0．001）。评估表的设计严格按照科学方法，对其作信度（0．80）检验和内容效度（CIV为0．84）。本研究结果为压疮护理质量的管理提供了依据。

An Evaluation and Study of Precipitating Factors of Pressure Sores in High Risk Patients

Objective:The purpose of this study was to inrection the risk factors associated with the development of bedsores.The author modified The Norton's scale was modified by adding 14 questions in these aspects:age,mobility risk factors and nutritional conditions.One hundred subjects who were at high risk of developing bedsores and 79 patients who had bedsores were recruited in the study for comparison.Statistical tests were carried out to determine the relative risk group (EXP(B)) and the likelihood of having a bedsore.Results:indicated that the probability of having bedsores was 35 marks(P<0.01).Stepwise regression(forward)revealed that predictors for having bedsores were:mobility,change of skin condition and age (EXP(B))0.9368,0.9288,0.7931,P<0.001).For the nutritional aspect,the most significant predictors were nutritional status and mouth conditions (EXP(B)0.8939,0.6012,P<0.001).The reliability of the modified scale was 0.80 and the content validity was 0.84 (CIV).This study provides a tool for monitoring the quality of nursing care.