听觉障碍中学生就业期望特征调查

目的 调查听觉障碍中学生的就业期望,分析其影响因素。 方法 2021年11月至12月,选取甘肃、山东、安徽、湖北、江苏和新疆等地10所特殊教育学校的312例听觉障碍中学生(年龄14~25岁),基于听觉障碍中学生的实际特点改编“就业期望问卷”,从待遇性、匹配性、声誉性、规范性4个维度调查并分析其就业期望。 结果 共发放问卷312份,收回312份,有效问卷278份。听觉障碍中学生的就业期望总体处于中等偏上水平;就业期望结构不平衡,其中匹配性最高,声誉性最低(F = 31.564, P < 0.001)。高中学生就业期望的规范性高于初中学生(t = -2.096, P = 0.037);佩戴人工耳蜗学生就业期望的规范性评分最高,未佩戴任何辅助器具学生的评分最低(F = 3.271, P = 0.039);认为就业“不太难”的学生就业期望总分、匹配性和声誉性评分最高,认为就业“比较难”的学生评分最低(F > 4.131, P < 0.05)。 结论 要根据听觉障碍中学生就业期望的发展水平和结构开展职业教育,同时要考虑学生的年龄、就业形势认知等因素对就业期望的影响。

Characteristics of employment expectation for middle school students with hearing impairment

Objective To investigate the employment expectation of middle school students with hearing impairment and the related factors. Methods From November to December, 2021, 312 students with hearing impairment (aged 14 to 25) from ten special education schools in Gansu, Shandong, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu and Xinjiang were investigated with Employment Expectation Questionnaire, and analyzed in the dimensions of treatment, matching, reputation and normativity. Results A total of 312 questionaires were returned, and 278 were valid. The levels of employment expectation were generally at the upper average for the students, and was structurally different, with the highest score in matching and lowest in reputation (F = 31.564, P < 0.001). The normativity of employment expectation was higher in high school students than in junior high school students (t = -2.096, P = 0.037); and it was the highest in students with cochlear implants, and the least in students without any assistive devices (F = 3.271, P = 0.039). The total scores, and the scores of matching and reputation were the highest in students feeling "not difficult" for employment, and the least for those feeling "difficult" for employment (F > 4.131, P < 0.05). Conclusion Vocational education should be carried out according to the development levels and structures of their employment expectation, and considering the impact of age and employment situation cognition on employment expectation.