Reliability Validity and Responsiveness of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure 4th Version in a Multicultural Setup |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Spinal Rehabilitation, Loewenstein Rehabilitation Medical Center, Raanana, Israel;2. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;3. School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel;4. Indian Spinal Injuries Centre, New Delhi, India;5. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS;6. Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy;7. Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel;8. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Institute, Udine, Italy;9. Unita'' Spinale - Ospedale C.T.O. Rome, Italy;10. The Spinal unit Dpt, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy;11. Montecatone Rehabilitation Inst., Italy;12. Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China;13. CMRRC-RP, Rovisco Pais Hospital, Portugal;14. Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil;15. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India;p. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rehabilitation Research Center, SMS Medical College & Associated Hospitals, Jaipur, India;q. Institut de réadaptation Gingras-Lindsay-de-Montréal, Canada;r. The Ottawa Hospital Rehabilitation Centre, Ottawa, Canada;s. St Olav University Hospital, Clinic of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Spinal Cord Injuries, Trondheim, Norway;t. Department of Innovation, technology and e-health, Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital HF, Nesoddtangen, Norway;u. Department of Spinal Cord Injuries, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;v. Istanbul Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Health Sciences, Turkey;w. Robert Jones & Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, UK;1. Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL;2. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL;3. Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA;4. Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA;5. Communication Disorders and Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;6. Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC;7. Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, Newark, DE;1. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Bloomfield, NJ;2. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA;3. Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;4. Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA;5. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA;6. Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia;7. School of Education, Communication, and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;1. Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA;2. Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation;3. Bioengineering;4. Physical Therapy;5. Rehabilitation Science and Technology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;6. University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Centers for Rehab Services, Pittsburgh, PA;7. Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL;8. Department of Human Performance and Sport Studies, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID;1. Rehabilitation Research Laboratory 2rLab, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science Group, Department of Business Economics, Health, and Social Care, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Landquart/Manno, Switzerland;2. International University of Applied Sciences THIM, Landquart, Switzerland;3. Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium;4. Department of Health, Bern University of Applied Sciences, Berne, Switzerland;5. School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom;1. Center for the Study of Aphasia Recovery (C-STAR), University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC;2. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ;3. Think and Speak, Shirley Ryan Ability Lab, Chicago, IL;4. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL;5. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA;6. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA;7. Department of Speech and Hearing Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH;8. Department of Speech-Language and Hearing Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA;9. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA;10. Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA;11. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Delaware, Newark, DE;12. School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Western University, London, Canada;13. Centre of Research Excellence in Aphasia Recovery and Rehabilitation, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia;14. Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC;15. Speech and Language Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom;p. Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA;1. Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;2. Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;3. Section of Behavioral Sciences, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ;4. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queens University, Kingston, ON, Canada |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo examine the fourth version of the Spinal Cord Independence Measure for reliability and validity.DesignPartly blinded comparison with the criterion standard Spinal Cord Independence Measure III, and between examiners and examinations.SettingA multicultural cohort from 19 spinal cord injury units in 11 countries.ParticipantsA total of 648 patients with spinal cord injury.InterventionAssessment with Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM IV) and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM III) on admission to inpatient rehabilitation and before discharge.Main outcome measuresSCIM IV interrater reliability, internal consistency, correlation with and difference from SCIM III, and responsiveness.ResultsTotal agreement between examiners was above 80% on most SCIM IV tasks. All Kappa coefficients were above 0.70 and statistically significant (P<.001). Pearson's coefficients of the correlation between the examiners were above 0.90, and intraclass correlation coefficients were above 0.90. Cronbach's alpha was above 0.96 for the entire SCIM IV, above 0.66 for the subscales, and usually decreased when an item was eliminated. Reliability values were lower for the subscale of respiration and sphincter management, and on admission than at discharge. SCIM IV and SCIM III mean values were very close, and the coefficients of Pearson correlation between them were 0.91-0.96 (P<.001). The responsiveness of SCIM IV was not significantly different from that of SCIM III in most of the comparisons.ConclusionsThe validity, reliability, and responsiveness of SCIM IV, which was adjusted to assess specific patient conditions or situations that SCIM III does not address, and which includes more accurate definitions of certain scoring criteria, are very good and quite similar to those of SCIM III. SCIM IV can be used for clinical and research trials, including international multi-center studies, and its group scores can be compared with those of SCIM III. |
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| Keywords: | Culture Spinal cord injuries Weights and measures |
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