糖尿病足患者的高危因素和护理对策

目的:探讨糖尿病足发生的高危因素并提出相应的护理措施.方法:回顾性分析近3年收治的糖尿病足患者56例(糖尿病足组),随机抽取同期住院治疗的无糖尿病足的糖尿病患者31例(对照组),对两组患者的多个因素进行单因素分析和Logistic多元回归分析.结果:单因素分析表明糖尿病足患者的年龄、糖尿病病史、空腹血糖、血糖的控制、合并下肢血管病变和神经病变等均与对照组有显著性差异,P<0.05.Logistic回归分析显示,两组中只有血糖控制情况(P=0.0342)、下肢血管病变(P=0.0024)和神经病变(P=0.0356)有统计学差异.结论:血糖的控制情况、合并下肢血管和神经病变是糖尿病足的独立高危因素,针对这些高危因素制定相应的护理措施,进行正确的足部护理对防止糖尿病足的发生有重要的临床意义.

The high risk factors and nursing strategies for diabetic foot

Objective:To evaluate the high risk factors of diabetic foot (DF) and formulate the strategies for the high risk factors. Methods: 56 patients with DF treated in the past three years were enrolled in this study as the DF group. At the same period, 31 patients with diabetic mellitus but without DF were randomly selected as the control group. The patients in these two groups were reviewed retrospectively. The risk factors we set were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:Single factor analysis indicated that age, history of diabetic mellitus, fast blood glucose level, blood glucose control, complication with vascularopathy and neuropathy of the lower limb were significantly different between these two groups. Logistic regression found that only blood glucose control ( P =0.0342), complication with vascularopathy ( P =0.0024) and neuropathy ( P =0.0356) had statistical significasnce between these two groups. Conclusion:Blood glucose control, complication with vascularopathy and neuropathy were the independent high risk factors of DF. Nursing strategies to cope with these high risk factors and essential foot nursing are important to prevent DF from developing.