PICC置管过程中腔内心电图的变化及其对置管操作的指导作用

目的探讨经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)时腔内心电图P波的变化及其对置管的指导作用。方法选择因各种临床情况需置入PICC的62例患者。置入操作在X线透视下完成,同时以PICC导丝为探测电极,监测导管头端位于不同血管部位时的腔内心电图。结果所有患者通过导丝介导均能获得腔内心电图。体表心电图P波振幅为(1.11±0.36)mm,导管头端位于腋静脉,锁骨下静脉,头臂静脉,上腔静脉的上、中、下段,右房交界处及右房中、下部时腔内心电图P波振幅分别为(1.11±0.36)mm、(1.12±0.28)mm、(1.56±0.45)mm、(4.03±1.87)mm、(5.90±2.45)mm、(7.90±2.95)mm、(9.87±2.77)mm、(5.00±1.76)mm、(2.50±1.73)mm。10例患者最初导管头端异位于颈内静脉,此时P波振幅为(1.14±0.34)mm。结论以PICC导丝作为探测电极可引出腔内心电图,腔内心电图P波振幅与PICC头端位置有关,最大P波振幅可指导导管头端的定位。

The changes and role of intracavitary electrocardiogram in the placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters

Objective To analyze the changes of P wave of intracavitary electrocardiogram (ECC) in the placement of periph erally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), and to explore whether the intracavitary ECG can be used to guide the procedure. Methods PICC was inserted in 62 adult patients under intracavitary ECC-guided technique. The intracavitary ECC were recorded in different parts of vessel access through micro-guidewire. Results The intracavitary ECG extracted through micro-guidewire were accurately recorded in all patients. The amplitudes of P wave were (1.11 ±0.36)mm, (1.12±0.28)mm,(1.56±0.45)mm, (4.03±1.87)mm, (5.90±2.45)mm, (7.90±2.95)mm, (9.87±2.77)mm, (5.00±1.76)mm, (2.50±1.73)mm when PICC tip was located in the axillary, subclavian and brachiocephalic vein, in the superior, middle and inferior SVC, at the SVC-right atrium junction, and in the middle, inferior right atrium,respectively. The amplitude of P wave was 1.14±0.34mm in 10 patients with PICC tip malposition in the internal jugular vein. Conclusions The intracavitary ECG can be extracted with the microguidewire of PICC system. The amplitude of P wave is related to the location of PICC tip, which can be used to guide the PICC insertion and positioning.