感染性疾病科护士职业暴露危险因素与防护

目的探讨感染性疾病科护士职业暴露危险因素，制定防护对策，降低感染性疾病科护士职业暴露发生率。方法自行设计半开放型问卷，对23名感染性疾病科护士进行现场调查，筛选职业暴露危险因素，提出防护措施。结果23名护士均发生过职业暴露，且均为1次或2次及以上的针刺伤经历，主要暴露途径是针刺伤和患者分泌物喷溅；职业暴露后行正确紧急处理的有20名，67％的护士职业暴露前有不良情绪，100％的护士担心职业暴露后会感染相关疾病。结论针刺伤和患者分泌物喷溅是感染性疾病科护士职业暴露最主要危险因素，护理人员不良的情绪是职业暴露的诱发因素，做好自身防护和暴露后正确的应急处理是降低职业暴露的有效措施。

The risk factors of occupational exposure and protection for nurses in department of infectious diseases

Objective To analyze the risk factors of occupational exposure in department of infectious diseases and make the protection to reduce the incidence of occupational exposure. Methods Twenty three nurses were investigated with self-designed questionnairs to screen the risk factors of occupational exposure and proposethe preventive measures. Results All 23 nurses suffered the occupational exposure under the needle wound(23 cases) or the patients' secretion sputter(13 cases). 15 nurses(67%) had a bad mood before exposure. 20 cases(89% ) had taken the emergency treatment after exposure. 100% nurses was worried to be infected the related disease after exposure. Conclusions The needle wound and the patients' secretion sputter are the main risk factors. The nurses with bad mood happen to the occupational exposure more easily. In order to decrease the rate of exposure, the nurses should protect by themselves and take the emergency treatment after injury.