焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁共病社会心理因素研究及护理

目的探讨焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁共病在整体护理影响因素中的心理社会因素，旨在为焦虑、抑郁和焦虑抑郁患者的整体护理有效实施提供可靠依据，对患者实施早期心理干预，改善患者心理状态，提高患者生存质量。方法利用生活事件量表（LES）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、家庭环境量表中文版（FES-CV）、艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、防御方式问卷（DSQ）对61例患者进行调查评定，同时对60名医护人员作为正常对照组进行测评比较。结果抑郁组、焦虑组、共病组负性生活事件频度及生活事件总频度得分、社会支持得分、神经质得分均高于正常对照组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；共病组社会支持分高于抑郁组，与焦虑组无差别；共病组存在家庭功能缺陷，但较抑郁组和焦虑组为轻；3组患者DSQ不成熟防御机制和中间型防御机制得分高于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。结论抑郁、焦虑和焦虑抑郁一共病有着很多相似之处，都与心理社会因素有着密切的相关性，但又有各自的临床特点和表现形式，对抑郁、焦虑和焦虑抑郁共病在整体护理中心理社会因素实施护理干预提供了理论依据。

A study on psychosocial factors in anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression

Objective To investigate the psychosocial factors in anxiety, depression and comorbid anxiety and depression (CAD)and to provide a theoretical basis for nursing intervention. Methods 61 patients were divided to anxiety group, depression group and CAD group. 60 health care workers were in normal group.All of subjects were assessed by questionnaires including LES, SSRS, FES-CV, EPQ, DSQ. Results Three patients groups had higher scores than normal group in frequency of negative life events, total frequency of life events, social support, neurotic, immature defense mechanisms and middle defense mechanisms. As for the score of social support, there was no significant different between CAD group and anxiety group, but CAD group had higher score than depression group. In addition, CAD group had dysfunction in family function but it was smaller than anxiety group and depression group. Conclusions Depression, anxiety and CAD are all correlated with psychosocial factors. These three diseases have similar but different symptoms. The results of study provide a theoretical basis for nursing intervention.