澳门住院产妇婴儿喂养态度影响因素的研究

目的:探讨澳门住院产妇婴儿喂养态度的现状及其影响因素。方法:2009年12月至2011年12月,在澳门一间公立医院住院部,采用方便抽样法对468名华裔产妇在产后3天应用中文版婴儿喂养态度量表(IIFAS)进行横断面调查。结果:产后3天IIFAS总分为(58.94±6.21)分;多元线性回归分析发现有4个因素进入回归方程,其中产妇持有奶粉喂养意图、产后3天采取奶粉喂养方法、产妇的母乳喂养知识不充足与母乳喂养态度呈负相关(β=-0.267、-0.101、-0.087,P<0.05)。孕期接受过母乳喂养卫教与母乳喂养态度呈正相关(β=0.103,P<0.05)。产后3天IIFAS总分在产妇的教育程度、年龄、分娩方式、婚姻、家庭月收入、有无产假、是否饮酒、在澳门居住年限和有无喂奶经验等方面无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:澳门产妇的婴儿喂养态度处于中高水平,婴儿喂养态度总分越高越趋向于采取母乳喂养行动。婴儿喂养意图、孕期母乳喂养卫教、母乳喂养知识和产后早期婴儿喂养方式是影响澳门产妇婴儿喂养态度的主要因素。

The influencing factors of infant feeding attitude among hospitalized postpartum women in Macao

Objectives： To describe the infant feeding attitude among hospitalized postpartum women in Macao and to identify its influencing factors. Methods： From December 2009 to December 2011, a cross section study was delivered and 468 postpartum women were recruited by convenience sampling from a public hospital in Macao. They were investigated on the third postnatal day and by Chinese version of Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale （IIFAS）. Results： The mean score of IIFAS was 58.94±6.21. Linear regression analysis found that four factors entered the regression equation. It showed that the artificial feeding intentions, artificial feeding method on the third postnatal day and insufficient breastfeeding knowledge had negative relationship with infant feeding attitude. Their standardized coefficients were -0.267, -0.101 and -0.087 （P〈0.05）. Acceptance of breastfeeding education during pregnancy had positive relationship with attitude and the standardized coefficient was 0.103. There was no significant difference of IIFAS scores among maternal women with different age, education background, marriage status, monthly family income, delivery methods, breastfeeding experience, maternity leave, alcohol drink and duration of residence in Macao （P〉0.05）. Conclusions： The infant feeding attitude was in middle-high level in Macao postpartum women. The higher scores IIFAS are, the more tendencies the maternal women take breastfeeding action. The main influencing factors of infant feeding attitude were maternal infant-feeding intention, breastfeeding education during pregnancy, postnatal infant feeding patterns and breastfeeding knowledge.