Screening and confirmation methods for the qualitative identification of nine phytocannabinoids in urine by LC-MS/MS |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;2. Department of Food Sciences, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy;3. Institute of Legal Medicine, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;1. Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstr. 20, CH 3012 Bern, Switzerland;2. Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;3. Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Albertstrasse 9, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;1. Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney (UTS) , Broadway, Sydney 2007, NSW, Australia;2. National Cannabis Prevention and Information Centre, UNSW Medicine, Randwick 2031, NSW, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Qualitative liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods were developed and validated to screen and confirm the presence of nine phytocannabinoids in urine. The nine phytocannabinoids targeted in the methods included Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC, 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC, cannabidiol, 7-carboxy cannabidiol, cannabinol, cannabigerol, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THCV. The methods presented use a rapid, single-step enzymatic hydrolysis followed by solid-phase extraction and LC-MS/MS analysis. Limits of detection were established at 1 µg/L for non-carboxylated analytes and 5 µg/L for carboxylated analytes. The screening and confirmation methods were validated and implemented in the analysis of authentic case samples. These methods can assist forensic, medicolegal, or medical compliance investigations as the presence of phytocannabinoids, or lack there-of, may be used to help differentiate cannabis (hemp, marijuana) use from synthetic THC (dronabinol) exposure. |
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| Keywords: | Phytocannabinoid Cannabinoid Tetrahydrocannabinol Cannabidiol Enzyme hydrolysis Cannabinoid analysis |
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