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Family functioning and psychological distress among Japanese breast cancer patients and families
Authors:Shuichi?Ozono  Toshinari?Saeki  Shinichi?Inoue  Tomoyuki?Mantani  Hitoshi?Okamura  Email author" target="_blank">Shigeto?YamawakiEmail author
Institution:(1) Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;(2) Hiroshima City Medical Association-Administered Aki City Hospital, 2-14-1 Hataga, Aki-ku, Hiroshima 736-0088, Japan;(3) Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
Abstract:Goals of work The purpose of this study was to develop a typology of family functioning in the families of breast cancer patients.Patients and methods Seventy-four families (189 individuals: 74 patients, 54 spouses, 46 offspring, and 15 other relatives) completed self-report questionnaires. Perception of family functioning was assessed using the family relationship index (FRI) and its three dimensions (cohesiveness, expressiveness, and conflict) and was classified into groups by a cluster analytic approach. Psychological distress was assessed using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).Main results Cluster analysis yielded three groups of patients and their family members: one cluster with high cohesiveness, high expressiveness, and low conflict (ldquosupportiverdquo type: n=64); a second group with low cohesiveness, low expressiveness, and high conflict (ldquoconflictiverdquo type: n=65); and a third group with limited cohesiveness, limited expressiveness, and low conflict (ldquointermediaterdquo type: n=60). Analysis of variance revealed that conflictive families manifested the highest level of depression and anxiety among these clusters.Conclusions Typology of family functioning can identify psychologically at-risk families. A family-focused approach can help to reduce psychological distress, especially in conflictive families.
Keywords:Breast cancer  Family functioning  Psychological distress  Typology
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