Family functioning and psychological distress among Japanese breast cancer patients and families |
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Authors: | Shuichi?Ozono Toshinari?Saeki Shinichi?Inoue Tomoyuki?Mantani Hitoshi?Okamura Email author" target="_blank">Shigeto?YamawakiEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan;(2) Hiroshima City Medical Association-Administered Aki City Hospital, 2-14-1 Hataga, Aki-ku, Hiroshima 736-0088, Japan;(3) Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan |
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Abstract: | Goals of work The purpose of this study was to develop a typology of family functioning in the families of breast cancer patients.Patients and methods Seventy-four families (189 individuals: 74 patients, 54 spouses, 46 offspring, and 15 other relatives) completed self-report questionnaires. Perception of family functioning was assessed using the family relationship index (FRI) and its three dimensions (cohesiveness, expressiveness, and conflict) and was classified into groups by a cluster analytic approach. Psychological distress was assessed using the Zung self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the Zung self-rating anxiety scale (SAS).Main results Cluster analysis yielded three groups of patients and their family members: one cluster with high cohesiveness, high expressiveness, and low conflict (supportive type: n=64); a second group with low cohesiveness, low expressiveness, and high conflict (conflictive type: n=65); and a third group with limited cohesiveness, limited expressiveness, and low conflict (intermediate type: n=60). Analysis of variance revealed that conflictive families manifested the highest level of depression and anxiety among these clusters.Conclusions Typology of family functioning can identify psychologically at-risk families. A family-focused approach can help to reduce psychological distress, especially in conflictive families. |
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Keywords: | Breast cancer Family functioning Psychological distress Typology |
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