新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下陆路交通传播风险及应对策略

近年来,随着经济的快速发展,我国已成为全球陆路交通强国。新型冠状病毒肺炎是一种新发传染性疾病,其潜伏期较长,可通过呼吸道飞沫、密切接触及高浓度气溶胶等途径传播,病毒传播距离长,人群普遍易感。这些特点使得该病易于通过交通运输播散,且其传播风险随着交通工具的尺寸、结构、运输距离、运输场所、载客数量不同而存在差异。基于传染病传播的理论,本文从控制传染源、切断传播途径和保护易感人群3个方面系统评价常见陆路交通载运工具的疫情传播风险。针对常见陆路交通载运工具的疫情传播风险,从4个方面提出了针对性的防控措施:①个人防护措施,涉及佩戴防护口罩和手套、穿戴特殊防护装备、勤洗手、对接触物品消毒、每日监测、报告体温及相关症状;②交通工具防控措施,涉及采用消毒剂擦拭或喷洒车辆内常接触部位(包括方向盘、车门把手、车内扶手和乘客座位)、开窗通风换气、保持车厢和各场所干净卫生、设置隔离座位或车厢、停止客运服务;③环境防控措施,涉及定期对人口聚集区通风消毒、按医疗废物处理要求处理被污染的物品、保持各环境场所干净整洁、关闭服务站点等措施;④其他措施,涉及及时、准确地向有关政府部门上报所需信息、主动配合卫生健康部门的流调、感染者及疑似病例隔离,以及密切接触者排查等工作。为切实避免疫情通过陆路交通工具传播,建议各级政府层层落实陆路交通部门、营运机构和工作人员的防控责任,号召公众在驾乘或骑乘交通工具出行时做好个人防护。

Transmission Risks and Response Strategies for Land Transportation under the Epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019

With the rapid development of economy,China has become one of the countries with the most advanced land traffic system in the world in the past few years.Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is an emerging infectious disease with a comparatively long incubation period,which is transmitted through respiratory droplets,close exposure and high concentrations of aerosols.The novel corona virus can be disseminated in a long distance and all people are susceptible to it.The features of COVID-19 make it easy to be spread through convenient transport system.Because of great variations in vehicle size and structure,traveling distance and site,and number of occupants for motor vehicles or riders/passengers for non-motor vehicles,the transmission risk changes across types of vehicle.Based on the transmission theory of infectious disease,this paper systematically evaluated the transmission risk of common land vehicles for COVID-19 from three aspects(controlling infectious sources,stopping the transmission channel,and protecting the susceptible population).Based upon the transmission risks of COVID-19,this paper proposed the prevention and control measures towards common land vehicles,including:①personal protection measures,involving wearing protective masks and gloves,wearing special protective equipment,washing hands frequently,disinfecting the contact objects,daily monitoring and reporting body temperature and related symptoms,②prevention and control measures for vehicles,involving the use of disinfectants to wipe or spray the common touch facilities of vehicles including driving cabs,door handles,interior handrails and passenger seats,window open and ventilation,keeping the carriages and sites clean and hygienic,setting up isolated seats or carriages,and terminating the passenger services,③prevention and control measures for environments,involving regular ventilation and disinfection on population gathering areas,disposing of the contaminated objects according to the requirements for medical wastes,keeping all service sites clean and tidy,and closing station services,④other measures,involving timely and accurate reporting the required information to relevant governmental departments,and actively cooperating with health departments to conduct epidemiological investigations,isolate the infected cases and the suspected cases,and screen persons with close contacts.To effectively avoid transmitting the epidemic through land transport vehicles,the governments at all levels should specify the prevention and control responsibilities of land transport departments,operating agencies and the working staff,and call on the public to take personal protective measures when driving or riding the vehicles.