人为操作因素对酶联免疫吸附法检测乙肝病毒血清标志物影响的探讨

目的研究探讨在检验日常工作中,人为操作因素对酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测乙肝病毒((HBV)血清标志物的影响情况。方法用ELISA法检测HBV血清标志物中具有代表性的表面抗原(HBSAG)及核心抗体(HB-CAB),对加样后加酶结合物间隔时间、终止反应后延时比色时间、洗板次数、反应温度等四个人为操作条件对结果的影响情况进行分析。结果 HBCAB随着加入样本后再加入酶结合物间隔时间的延长,无论是阴性对照、质控品还是血清样本的吸光度均呈下降趋势,假阳性率增加;HBSAG随着终止反应后比色时间的延长,其吸光度呈下降趋势,虽然幅度不大,但延时30分钟与立即比色相比,结果有统计学意义;从洗板次数来看,洗板4次、5次与6次的吸光度值随着洗板次数增加而降低,且各组间差异均呈在统计学意义;HBSAG在25℃反应温度时的吸光度明显要低于37℃反应温度时的吸光度,且强阳性的标本吸光度下降幅度更加明显。结论人为操作因素对ELISA法检测乙肝病毒血清标志物的影响很大,甚至会直接影响阴阳性结果的判断。为避免这种人为误差,在日常操作过程中各实验室应根据所用试剂的说明书编写各实验室的标准操作程序文件(SOP),并要求各操作人员严格执行,以尽量避免假阳性或假阴性结果的出现。

Study on the influence of manual factors in the test of hepatitis virus type B serum marks by ELISA

Objective To investigate the influence of manual factors on the test of hepatitis virus type B serum marks by ELISA.Methods To test HBsAg and HBcAb by ELISA and analyze the final OD difference led by such manual factors as wash times,incubation temperature,delayed addition of conjugate,and delayed OD test after coloring.Results In terms of HBcAb,OD tends to decline with the delay of conjugate addition,which may result in higher rate of false positive.However,the same factor tends to increase HBsAg＇s OD,even not too much,statistically significantly.Wash times of 4,5,6,also tend to decline the final OD.The final OD when incubated at 25℃ is much lower than that at 37℃.Conclusion Manual factors above greatly influence the final OD,and may lead to false result in ELISA.It is required to set up SOP according to kit directions and that it be fully followed.