脑卒中患者与健康老年人的心理社会因素对比

目的：调查心理社会因素和人格特征在脑卒中患者康复过程中的影响。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL－90）、艾森克个性评定量表（EPQ）和社会支持量表（SSRS）调查了78例脑卒中患者（脑卒中组），并与无神经缺陷的老年人52例（对照组）进行对照。结果：脑卒中组SCL－90总分、抑郁、焦虑、强迫、恐怖等因子分明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）；EPQ中N分及P分明显高于对照组（P＜0．01）；SSRS主观支持分及支持利用度明显低于对照组（P＜0．05）。结论：脑卒中患者除有抑郁、焦虑及恐怖等精神症状外，不良的个性特征以及缺乏对社会支持的认识和利用，也是影响其康复的重要因素。

Comparison of psychosocial factors between patients with stroke and the healthy elderly

Objective To investigate the influence of psychosocial factors and personality characteristics on processes of rehabilitation of the stroke patients. Methods The psychosocial factors of seventy eight stroke patients were analyzed with the Symptom Checklist (SCL 90), Eysenck Personality Questionnaires (EPQ) and Social Support Rating Scales (SSRS). Fifty two age matched elderly without neuro deficit were included as the control group. Results All the SCL 90 total score, depression score, anxiety score, and terror score were higher in patients with stroke than those of the control group( P <0.01). Both the N and P scores in EPQ were significantly higher( P < 0.01 ) in stroke patients than in the control. The subjective support score and support utilization degree in SSRS were obviously lower in patients with stroke than in the control. Conclusion In addition to these factors such as fear, depression and anxiety, deficit of personality characteristics and poor recognition of social support are important factors affecting rehabilitation in patients with stroke.