赛前高原训练对游泳运动员自组织适应状态的影响:脑电压缩谱分析

背景赛前的高原训练目的,是希望通过高原的低氧环境刺激,使运动员在训练中获得最大的低氧生理适应性.运动员对高原的生理适应,是运动员功能提高的物质基础,反映的是机体与环境变化的顺应.目的从自组织角度,应用训练学、脑电压缩谱指标等,通过观察游泳运动员在高原训练前(赛前)、后脑的适应性变化规律等,系统分析高原训练对运动员赛前自组织状态的影响,从脑水平对高原训练效应进行探讨.设计抽样调查.单位广东省体育科学研究所和华南师范大学体育学院.对象于2001-03/04选择广东省游泳队游泳运动员9名.方法采用时序实验观察方法,分别采集运动员上高原前1周(3月3日)、高原训练中(3月22日)和下高原第5天(4月5日)的训练成绩,下高原后第13天(4月12日)的比赛成绩及测试相应的血乳酸,并在上高原前一天(3月10日)、下高原第1天(3月30日)、下高原后第¨天,即全国比赛前2天(4月10日),进行脑电压缩谱测试,以观察脑对运动训练负荷的自主适应调整水平.主要观察指标①高原训练前、中及赛前的训练学指标及血乳酸变化情况.②高原训练前成绩与比赛成绩对照表.③高原训练前、中、后及赛前的脑评价指标变化情况.结果①高原训练中的训练成绩有升有降,下高原后的全国比赛10人次中有6例成绩水平是下降的,高原训练后的血乳酸变化,与训练成绩呈一致变化.②高原训练后,运动员的脑信息平均分布频率向高频转移,赛前负熵值减小、信息熵离散,运动员出现比赛成绩下降的现象.结论①运动员脑序参量构成形式的多中心化,形成技能控制信息的离散,可以导致脑功能矩阵协同水平的重调,提示运动员竞技能力下降.②高原训练的效果或者其作用的保持,需要基于运动员个体状态的训练强度涨落安排的一致性与连续性以及平原状态维持强度水平的恢复与保持.

Impacts of high-altitude training on self-organizing adaptation in swimming athletes before competition: analysis with compressed spectral array electroencephalogram

BACKGROUND: High-altitude training before competition aims to obtain maximum hypoxia physiological adaptability of athletes through hypoxia environmental irritation at high altitude. Physiological adaptability to high al titude is the substantial foundation for function improvement of athletes,reflecting adjustment of body to environmental changes.OBJECTIVE: In views of self-regulation, practical training and compressed spectral array (CSA) electroencephalogram (EEG), and by observing adaptive change rule of brain before (before competition) and after high-altitude training of swimming athletes, the influence of high-altitude training was analyzed systematically on self-organizing state of athletes before competition so as to probe into the impacts of high-altitude training from brain level.DESIGN: Randomized investigation.SETTING: Guangdong Scientific Institute of Physical Exercise and Physical Exercise College of South China Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: Nine swimming athletes were selected from Guangdong Swimming Team from March to April 2001.METHODS: Time-order observation was applied in the experiment, in which, the results 1 week (3rd March) before high-altitude training, during (22nd March) and on the 5th day (5th April) after the training, the results in competition on the 13th day (12th April) after high-altitude training and corresponding blood lactic acid were tested and SCA EEG was done successively one day before high-altitude training (10th March), on the 1st day after the training (30th March) and on the 11th day after training, that was two days before National Competition (10th April) to observe self- adaptive regulation of brain to sports training load.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Training index and lactic acid change before and during high-altitude training and before competition. ②Comparison of results before high-altitude training and in competition. ③Changes in indexes of cerebral evaluation before, during and after high-altitude training and before competition.RESULTS: ① Training results were changeable in high-altitude training.In national competition after high-altitude training, the scores of 6 cases of 10 person-times were reduced. Changes in blood lactic acid after high-altitude training were in conformity with training results. ② After high-altitude training, the average frequency of brain information distribution in athletes was shifted towards high frequency. Before the competition, negative entropy was lessened and information entropy was dispersed and the score in competition was declined.CONCLUSION: ① Cerebral order parameters of athletes constitute multicentralization, form the dispersion of technique control information and result in re-adjustment of brain function at matrix coordinating level, suggesting declining capacity to athletics. ② Effects of high-altitude training and maintaining of its functions are based on coincidence and continuity of arrangement of rise-fall training intensity of individual state and on the recovery and maintaining of the intensity at flatlands.