家庭跟进式健康教育在卧床患者压疮预防中的应用

目的探讨家庭跟进式健康教育在卧床患者压疮预防方面的应用效果。方法 2008年2月—2009年5月,我们将120例即将出院的卧床患者和陪护者随机分为干预组和对照组各60例,干预组出院前2 d根据患者的健康状态和需求,制定个性化健康教育计划,并指导家庭陪护者对照实施,再根据患者的具体情况和需求进行电话和入户随访干预等一系列家庭跟进式健康教育措施;对照组只进行常规的出院健康教育指导。出院后随访2个月,观察两组患者压疮发生情况。结果干预组发生压疮6例,对照组发生21例,其中,2期2处以上发生15例,两组压疮发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。结论家庭跟进式健康教育方法有助于更好地监督和指导卧床患者的家属和陪护者,对预防压疮及提高居家护理的质量具有积极的推动作用。

Application study of home follow-up health education for the family caregivers in preventing pressure sore of long-term bedridden patients

Objective To explore the application effect of home follow-up health education for the family caregivers on the prevention of pressure sore of long-term bedridden patients.Methods From February 2008 to May 2009,120 patients to be discharged from our hospital and their 120 family caregivers were equally divided into the control group and intervention group at random.In the intervention group,individualized health education plans were made based on individual health conditions and needs 2 d before discharge,and the family caregivers were instructed to exercise care,followed by series of health education interference according to individual conditions and needs by phone call and home follow-up visit.The controls only received routine health education before discharge.Two-month follow-up was done to investigate the incidence of bedsore during family care.Results There were 6 case with pressure sore in the intervention group and 21 cases with pressure sore in the control group（15 cases developed more than 2 pressure sores of grade 2）.The incidence of bedsore in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group（P〈0.001）.Conclusion Home follow-up health education can better supervise and guide the family caregivers of long-term bedridden patients,and is effective to prevent the incidence of bedsore and improve the quality of family care.