广东省乡镇居家老人跌倒现状及危险因素调查分析

目的调查广东省乡镇居家老人跌倒现状及危险因素,为制订乡镇居家老人跌倒预防措施提供参考。方法 2020年1—2月,以广东省6个地区的223名社区居家老人作为调查对象,采用一般资料调查问卷、预防老年人跌倒居家环境危险因素评估表、跌倒效能量表进行调查。结果 223名调查对象中,50.7%的老人1年内至少发生过1次跌倒,且女性占75.2%。结果显示,不同性别、年龄、居住情况、是否使用助行器及害怕跌倒程度的老人,其跌倒发生率存在差异(P0.05);居家环境跌倒危险因素中,是否养宠物、有无攀高取物、沙发高度、椅子有无扶手4项分组所对应的老人跌倒发生率存在差异(P0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,性别、年龄、害怕跌倒的程度均是乡镇居家老人跌倒的影响因素(OR值分别为0.492、0.881、1.912,P0.05)。结论乡镇居家老人的跌倒发生率较高。防范居家老人跌倒,应加强对乡镇老人的健康宣教,提高其对跌倒相关知识的认识,同时还应指导老人合理改善居家环境,减少跌倒相关危险因素。

A survey of falls among the elderly at home in villages of Guangdong Province

To understand the incidence of falls in the rural elderly in Guangdong Province, analyze the risk factors of falls, and provide a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention of falls in the elderly in villages and town. Methods: a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the elderly at home in Guangdong Province. Results: among 233 subjects, 113 (50.7%) had falls in the past year, mainly among women (75.2%). The causes of falls included gender, age, living conditions, disease history, whether to use walker or not, and fear of falls (P < 0.05) ;Among the risk factors of falls in home environment, pets, improper height of sofa, no armrest of common chair, need to climb or change body position to pick up appliances, no telephone in the kitchen and other environmental factors were correlated with falls (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the incidence of falls in the elderly at home is high. To prevent falls in the elderly at home, we should strengthen health education for the elderly at home, improve their knowledge of falls, guide the elderly to improve the home environment properly and reasonably, and reduce the risk factors of falls in the elderly.