澳门老年人社会网络与身体健康状况及日常居家活动能力的相关性分析

目的探讨澳门老年人的社会网络与身体健康状况及日常居家活动能力的相关性。方法采用整群抽样方法,抽取澳门15个老人日间活动中心的741名老年人,采用Lubben社会网络量表、身体健康状况问卷、巴氏日常活动能力评估量表、Lawton工具性日常活动能力评估量表对其进行问卷调查。结果 366名老年人的社会网络不足(49.39%);仅有25.10%的老年人觉得身体健康良好,以骨关节痛/腰背痛症状最多(63.56%),出现3种及以上症状的有413人(55.74%),患有3种及以上疾病的有379人(51.15%),以高血压病最为常见(57.76%);日常生活不能自理的有148人(19.97%),居家活动能力不足的有244人(32.93%);Pearson相关分析显示澳门老年人的社会网络与日常活动能力及居家活动能力呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论澳门老年人的身体健康状况及日常居家活动能力差,其社会网络亦不足;改善身体健康状况及日常居家活动能力与老年人的社会网络密切相关。

The relationships between social network and physical health and activities of daily living among older persons in Macau

Objective To identify relationships between social network and physical health and activities of daily living among older persons in Macau. Methods A total of 741 older persons were recruited in 15 day activity centers in Macau with cluster sampling method. Lubben Social Network Scale, Physical Health Status Questionnaire, Reduced Item Barthel Index, Lawton Instrument of Activities of Daily Living Questionnaire were employed to do the investigation. Results Among all the participants, there were 49.39 % （ n = 366 ） participants were at extreme risk for limited social network, only 25.10% participants repor- ted their physical health were good in general. Bone and joint pain or back pain was most mentioned （ 63.56% ） , and 55.74% （ n = 413 ） suffered from three or more symptoms. Hypertension was the most reported physical disorder （57.76%） , and 51.15% （n = 379） suffered from three or more physical disorders. Nineteen point nine seven percent （n = 148 ） suffered from the physical impairment in undertaking activities of daily living,32.93 % （n = 244 ） were unable to undertake instrumental activities of daily living. Pearson＇s correlations showed that there were positive relationship between social network and activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusions Older persons suffer from physical impairment and limited social network. The activities of daily living of older persons are correlate with their social network.