咪喹莫特诱导C3H/HeJ小鼠脱毛实验动物模型的建立

目的 利用咪喹莫特对C3H/HeJ小鼠建立一种脱毛动物模型，为人类的脱毛实验研究提供平台。方法 58只C3H/HeJ小鼠随机分成7组。实验1 ～ 5组分别给予不同部位和时间间隔的咪喹莫特乳膏外用，对照1组给予空白赋形剂外用，对照2组不予任何处理。一定时间后观察各组脱毛的诱导情况。并用免疫组化法检测毛囊周围CD4+ T、CD8+ T细胞的聚集和原位杂交法检测毛周细胞IFN-γ mRNA的转录情况。结果 实验1组（项部外用每周3次）和2组（项部外用每周2次）脱毛诱导的总有效率为100%，实验3组（项部外用每周1次）40%，实验4组（背部外用每周3次）67%，实验5组（腹部外用每周3次）50%。实验1、2组与其他各组差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。在脱毛生成后的稳定期内毛囊周围有较多的CD4+ T、CD8+ T细胞浸润和IFN-γ mRNA高表达现象（P < 0.05）。结论 咪喹莫特外用能诱导C3H/HeJ小鼠发生脱毛，并在临床经过和组织学特征等方面与人脱毛具有较强相似性。

Establishment of trichomadesis animal model with C3H/HeJ mice induced by imiquimod

Objective To establish a novel animal model of trichomadesis with C3H/HeJ mice induced by imiquimod, so as to provide a new experimental platform for human alopecia areata study. Methods Fifty-eight C3H/HeJ mice were divided into 7 groups. The mice in the experimental groups 1 - 5 were treated with topical application of imiquimod on the neck thrice a week, twice a week, and once a week, on the back thrice a week, on the abdomen thrice a week, respectively, for various durations. Vacant vehiculum was given to the mice in control group 1 for 10 weeks, and no intervention to the control group 2. The mice were observed for the occurrence of trichomadesis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the distribution of CD4+, CD8+ T cells around follicles, in situ hybridization to examine the mRNA expression of IFN-γ in perifollicular cells. Results The total effective rates of induction of trichomadesis were 100%, 100%, 40%, 67%, 50% in the experimental groups 1-5, respectively. The difference between experimental group 1 or 2 and the others was significant （P < 0.05）. The aggregation of CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells as well as the high expression of IFN-γ mRNA were also observed in cells around the follicles in the area of trichomadesis induced by imiquimod （both P < 0.05）. Conclusion Imiquimod could induce the occurrence of trichomadesis in C3H/HeJ mice with extreme resemblance to human alopecia areata in both clinical manifestations and pathology.