深圳市南山区女青年流产原因分析及避免意外妊娠对策

目的:了解南山区女青年流产现状及流产原因,为减少非意愿妊娠和流产发生率提供决策依据。方法:在自愿的前提下,以自填式问卷,对618名年龄小于24岁自愿要求早期流产的女青年进行问卷调查。结果:本次调查对象流产直接原因是未采取任何避孕措施(58.7%)或避孕失败(40.9%)所致。未采取避孕措施原因依次为在没有准备好避孕药具情况下发生性行为(49.3%)、知道但不想用避孕方法(20·4%)、根本不知道避孕方法(15.7%)等,避孕失败的原因为选用了安全期和体外射精等避孕效率较低方法(51.3%)和避孕方法使用不当(44.8%)。女青年的婚姻状况、文化程度、经济收入也与流产原因有关(P<0.01)。结论:应加强对未婚妇女避孕知识和流产危害性的宣传教育,提高自我保健意识,把采取避孕措施变成自觉行动。计划生育服务部门要为育龄群众提供避孕方法的知情选择,提高避孕药具的可及性、安全性,可有效降低非意愿妊娠和流产发生率。加强流产后避孕服务可有效减少重复流产的发生。

Cause analysis and preventive strategies of miscarriage among the young women in Nanshan District of Shenzhen

Objective: To study the situation and the causes of the miscarriage among the young women in Nanshan District of Shenzhen and provide some basic information for the decision making on decreasing the unwillingly pregnancy and miscarriage. Methods: Questionnaire-answer analysis, the data of which are collected from 618 volunteered young women (less than 24 years old) who come to require early miscarriage. Results: The direct courses are their no contraceptive strategies before their sexual life (58.7%) and failure in contraception (49.3%). In detail, the first category is composed of the following: sexual behavior occurred before their preparation of contraception tools or medicine (49.3%), having the knowledge but being reluctant to take the strategies (20.4%), having no knowledge of contraception (15.7%). And the second category can be classified as: having sex during the safe phase or ejaculating outside the body (51.3%) and improper contraception (44.8%). In addition, the marriage, education and income of the volunteers also have concerns with the miscarriage (P<0.01). Conclusion: It is quite necessary to enhance the knowledge training of contraception and the harm of miscarriage, improve their consciousness of health protection, help them to take contraception voluntarily and correctly. And the Birth Planning Service institutions need to provide prompt and convenient consultancy of the strategies for contraception to the women of childbearing age so as to improve the availability and safety of the contraception tools and medicines. And post miscarriage service may also be efficient in decreasing the re-miscarriage.