社会支持在生活事件-心理健康关系中的作用模型研究

目的考察社会支持作用模型与应激事件发生前、中、后的关系．进一步探讨主效应和缓冲器模型。方法运用SDS，SAS，社会支持评定量表(SSRS)．表少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)和情绪紧张度问卷对205名大学生进行围绕应激事件发生前、发生时及事件过后的跟踪测查。结果①应激事件发生前社会支持高、低分组在SAS、SDS、情绪紧张度上没有出现差异；应激事件发生中、发生后社会支持高分组在SAS、SDS、情绪紧张度上得分均低于低分组；②情绪紧张度和社会支持各方面对抑郁状态和焦虑状态的解释度分别由43．6％到51．4％和39．2％到45．2％。结论社会支持主要通过缓冲个体对应激性生活事件的认知和压力产生后对压力的再评价采降低甚至消除压力的反应，间接地保护个体健康。

Working Model of Social Support in Relationship of Life Events and Mental Health

Objective To study the working models of social suppo rt before, during and after a stressful event to obtain implication of the Main Eff ect Model and the Buffering Model of social support.Meth ods 205 university students participated in a longitudinal study in a period that contained the mid-term exams as the stressor. They were tested before, during and after the exams with assessments included SDS, SAS, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Adolescent Se lf-Rating Life Event Check List (ASLES) and Emotional Stress Questionnaire. Results (1) High social support group's sco res were lower in SDS, SAS and emotional stress than low support group respectively only during and after the event. (2) Emotional stress and soc ial support could explain 43.6%-51.4% variations of depression state while 39.2%-45.2% variations of anxiety state. Co nclusion Social support buffers the cognition of stressful event and leads rejudgment to stress when it oeo/ars, thus releases the stress s yndromes and protects individuals' mental health indirectly.