Rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by nanopore 16S amplicon sequencing: A pilot study |
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Authors: | Jangsup Moon Narae Kim Tae-Joon Kim Jin-Sun Jun Han Sang Lee Hye-Rim Shin Soon-Tae Lee Keun-Hwa Jung Kyung-Il Park Ki-Young Jung Manho Kim Sang Kun Lee Kon Chu |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Neurology, Laboratory for Neurotherapeutics, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;2. Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea;3. Department of Neurology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea;4. Department of Neurology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea;5. Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, South Korea |
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Abstract: | Early administration of antibiotics is crucial in the management of bacterial meningitis. Rapid pathogen identification helps to make a definite diagnosis of bacterial meningitis and enables tailored antibiotic treatment. We investigated if the 16S amplicon sequencing performed by MinION, a nanopore sequencer, was capable of rapid pathogen identification in bacterial meningitis. Six retrospective cases of confirmed bacterial meningitis and two prospective cases were included. The initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of these patients were used for the experiments. DNA was extracted from the CSF, and PCR was performed on the 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA). Sequencing libraries were prepared using the PCR products, and MinION sequencing was performed for up to 3 h. The reads were aligned to the bacterial database, and the results were compared to the conventional culture studies. Pathogenic bacteria were successfully detected from the CSF by 16S sequencing in all retrospective cases. 16S amplicon sequencing was more sensitive than conventional diagnostic tests and worked properly even in antibiotics-treated samples. MinION sequencing significantly reduced the turnaround time, and even 10 min of sequencing was sufficient for pathogen detection in certain cases. Protocol adjustment could further increase the sensitivity and reduce the turnaround time for MinION sequencing. Finally, the prospective application of MinION 16S sequencing was successful. Nanopore 16S amplicon sequencing is capable of rapid bacterial identification from the CSF of the bacterial meningitis patients. It may have many advantages over conventional diagnostic tests and should therefore be applied in a larger number of patients in the future. |
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Keywords: | Corresponding author at: Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital 101 Daehak-ro Jongno-gu Seoul 110-744 South Korea 16S rRNA gene Acute bacterial meningitis MinION Pathogen detection Amplicon sequencing |
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