Protein intake and physical function in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Geriatrics and Orthopedics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy;2. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy;1. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan;2. Cancer and Cell Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix 85004, Arizona, USA;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;1. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Navy Medical University, No.415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China;2. Department of Orthopedics, Naval Medical Center of PLA, China;1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China;2. 1 Epidemiology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, China-UK Collaboration, Hong Kong, China;3. Kent and Medway Medical School, Canterbury CT2 7NZ, UK;4. Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China;1. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Lodz, Poland;2. Emergency Medicine and Disaster Medicine Department, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-209 Lodz, Poland;3. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Polish Mothers’ Memorial Hospital – Research Institute, Rzgowska 281, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;4. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;5. Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland;6. Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, KYS, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 Finland |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe present study explored cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between protein intake and physical function in older adults.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that investigated the association between protein intake and measures of physical function in older adults. Cross-sectional, case-control, and longitudinal cohort studies that investigated the association between protein intake and physical function as a primary or secondary outcome in people aged 60 + years were included. Studies published in languages other than English, Italian, Portuguese, or Spanish were excluded. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINAHL, AgeLine, and Food Science Source databases through January 31, 2022. A pooled effect size was calculated based on standard mean differences (SMD), MD, log odds ratio (OR) and Z-score..ResultsTwenty-two cross-sectional studies examined a total of 11,332 community-dwellers, hospitalized older adults, and elite senior athletes with a mean age of approximately 75 years. The pooled analysis indicated that a protein intake higher than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) was significantly associated with higher Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) scores (SMD: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.99, P-value: 0.0006), faster walking speed, greater lower-limb (SMD: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.40, P-value: 0.02) and isometric handgrip strength (Z-score: 0.087, 95% CI: 0.046–0.128, P-value: 0.0001), and better balance (SMD: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.62, P-value: 0.02). Nine longitudinal studies investigated 12,424 community-dwelling and native older adults with a mean age of approximately 85 years. A protein intake higher than the current RDA was not associated with lower decline in either isometric handgrip strength (logOR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.97–1.02, P-value= 0.67) or walking speed (logOR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.77–1.10, P-value= 0.35).ConclusionsA protein intake higher than the RDA is cross-sectionally associated with better physical performance and greater muscle strength in older adults. However, a high consumption of proteins does not seem to prevent physical function decline over time. |
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| Keywords: | Diet Nutrition Elderly Frailty Sarcopenia |
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