胰腺微循环的结构与功能

为揭示胰腺微循环通道的结构与功能，用保留动态信息和组织信息于静态样本的微循环光镜和扫描电镜研究法、FITC红细胞标记胰腺微循环活体荧光显微观察法，对人、猴、狗、鼠、兔胰腺微循环通道的构筑特征、胰腺活体微循环的动力学特点进行了研究。结果发现①胰腺小叶为胰腺微循环形态与机能的基本单位，小叶内动脉与小叶内静脉之间包括了胰腺内分泌部和外分泌部两极毛细血管床；②胰腺微循环的流向是由内分泌部流向外分泌部，胰岛-腺泡门脉循环是胰腺微循环的基本特征；③胰腺小叶多由独支的小叶内动脉供血，相邻小叶内动脉及其分支间无吻合存在，属终动脉，这一解剖学特性是急性胰腺炎局部缺血及小叶内灶性坏死的解剖学基础；④生理状态下胰腺微循环表现为稳定的毛细血管灌注形式，灌流量为1.18±0.05nl/min；急性胰腺炎早期出现FITC-RBC流量减少、微循环灌流不足和机能毛细血管密度减少，提示胰腺小叶为胰腺微循环结构与机能的基本单位；胰岛-腺泡门脉循环是胰腺微循环的基本特征；胰腺小叶内动脉具终动脉的特性是急性胰腺炎局部微循环紊乱的解剖学基础。

Structure and Function of Pancreatic Microcirculation

To gain an insight into the relationship between structure and function in pancreatic microcirculation, observations were carried out in 9 corpse, 30 monkeys, 24 dogs, 62 Wistar rats and 24 rabbits by the use of scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy with the technique of retaining microcirculatory dynamic and tissular information in the static specimens, and/or by intravital fluorescence microscopy with FITC-labeled erythrocytes. The results showed: there were two capillary beds destined for the endocrine and exocrine parts of pancreas between the intralobular arteriole and venule; the blood of pancreatic portal circulation flowed from the endocrine to the exocrine part; each pancreatic lobule was supplied by a single centrally located intralobular artery and there was no anastomosis between the intralobular arterioles or any of their branches, so they were end arteries; the physiological blood flow was about 1.18 +/- 0.05 nl/min per capillary with stable capillary perfusion pattern; a profound decreased functional capillary density and capillary perfusion was observed in the early phase of acute pancreatitis. These results suggest that pancreatic lobule is a structured and functional basic unit of pancreatic microcirculation, insulo-acinar portal circulation represents the basic feature of the pancreatic microcirculation, and the intralobular arteriole, being an end artery, forms the anatomical basis of the pancreatic microcirculatory disturbance during acute pancreatitis.