全新世女性颏孔、下颌孔的位置特征及时代间比较*

目的：探讨全新世女性群体颏孔位置、颏孔开口方向、下颌孔位置等在不同时代的表现特点，并探讨可能 存在的时代间变异。方法：对中国全新世201 例女性下颌骨的颏孔、下颌孔的体质特征进行分类和记录，然后用 SPSS 19.0 软件进行出现率统计及时代间差异显著性检验。结果：所比较的性状在不同时代间的表现特点具有一 定相似性：颏孔位置主要在下颌第2 前臼齿（P4）下面，颏孔开口方向主要为“后上”，下颌孔位置（ 水平方向） 主要为“下颌支中点之后”，下颌孔位置（ 垂直方向）主要为“齿槽面之上”。同时，不同时代间也存在一些差异， 近代人群颏孔位置相对靠后、下颌孔位置相对较高。结论：从青铜铁器时代到近代，女性的颏孔位置有相对后移 趋势；这些变化可能与该时段内下颌骨尺寸变小有一定的相关性。下颌孔位置时代间差异较小。

Temporal variation of the position of mental foramen and mandibular foramen in Chinese Holocene women*

Objective To investigate the position of the mental foramen， the opening direction of the mental foramen and the position of the mandibular foramen in the Holocene female population in different eras， and to explore the possible intergenerational variation. Methods The physical characteristics of the mental foramen and mandibular foramen of 201 female mandible in Holocene China were classified and recorded， and then the occurrence rate and the significance of the difference between the ages were analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results The mental foramen was mainly located below second premolar tooth（P4）， the opening direction of the mental foramen was mainly " backward and upward "， the horizontal position of the mandibular foramen was mainly " posterior to the midpoint of the mandibular ramus"， and the vertical position of the mandibular foramen was mainly " above the dental alveoli plane". At the same time， there were some differences between different ages. In modern people， the position of the mental foramen was relatively backward and the position of the mandibular foramen was relatively high. Conclusion From the Age of Bronze and Iron to modern times， the position of the mental foramen of female has a relatively backward trend. These changes may be related to the decrease of mandible size during this period. The position of mandibular foramen varies little between eras.