成人胫腓骨下端连接的解剖及其临床意义

目的 解剖胫腓连接并获得详尽的解剖学数据，比较和归纳韧带的特点。方法 选取30具福尔马林固定成人尸体小腿标本，死亡年龄为46～75岁,平均61岁。采用层次解剖法，测量以下数据：胫腓前韧带、胫腓后韧带，胫腓横韧带及骨间韧带的平均长度、宽度、厚度；胫腓前韧带、胫腓后韧带与水平面夹角，与内外踝中点连线夹角。结果 胫腓前韧带平均长度为（18.18±2.64）mm，宽度为（13.28±1.82）mm，厚度（1.98±0.24）mm，与水平面夹角为38°±4°，与内外踝中点连线夹角为33°±3°。胫腓后韧带平均长度为（16.12±2.40）mm，宽度为（11.58±1.98）mm，厚度（2.52±0.32）mm，与水平夹角为31°±5°，与内外踝中点连线夹角为29°±4°。胫腓横韧带平均长度为（24.42±4.54）mm，宽度为（4.96±0.92）mm，厚度为（3.12±0.42）mm；骨间韧带平均长度为（22.24±3.92）mm，宽度为（16.42±2.32）mm，厚度为（1.42±0.44）mm。 结论 揭示了胫腓连接的解剖学特点，为临床应用提供解剖学基础。

Anatomy and clinical significance of the lower end connection of adult tibia and fibula

Objective To investigate the anatomy of the tibiofibular syndesmosis ligaments and to compared the characteristics of the ligament. Methods Thirty adult cadaveric legs were examined in this study. The average age of the cadavers was 61, ranged from 46 to 75 years. Using a layered dissection method, the following data were collected: the average length, width, thickness of anterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior tibiofibular ligament, transverse tibiofibular ligament and intersseous ligament，the angle between anterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior tibiofibular ligament and the horizontal plane，the angle between anterior tibiofibular ligament, posterior tibiofibular ligament and the midpoint of internal and external malleolus. Results The average length of the anterior tibiofibular ligament was (18.18±2.64) mm, width of (13.28±1.82) mm,thickness of (1.98±0.24) mm, and horizontal angle of (38±4) °, the angle with the midpoint of internal and external malleolus was (33±3)°. The average length of the posterior tibiofibular ligament was (16.12±2.40) mm，width of (11.58±1.98) mm，thickness of (2.52±0.32) mm，and horizontal angle of (31±5)°，the angle with the midpoint of internal and external malleolus was 29°±4°. The average length of the transverse tibiofibular ligament was (24.42±4.54) mm，width of (4.96±0.92) mm，thickness of (3.12±0.42) mm；the average length of intersseous ligament was (22.24±3.92) mm，width of (16.42±2.32) mm，thickness of (1.42±0.44) mm. Conclusion This study reveals the anatomical features of the tibiofibular syndesmosis and provides the anatomical basis for clinical application.