颈深筋膜及筋膜间隙的薄层断面解剖及三维重建

目的　明确颈深筋膜的分层及筋膜间隙的位置、毗邻 ,为颈深筋膜间隙的影像识别与分析提供参考 ,为临床诊治感染蔓延、肿瘤侵润提供解剖学依据。　方法　采用低温冰冻和生物塑化技术用 17例标本 ,制作了颈部连续薄层横断面 ,对颈深筋膜及筋膜间隙进行了观测。从颈部薄层塑化断面标本上 ,用双线提取间隙轮廓的方法 ,在SGI工作站上对颈深筋膜间隙进行三维重建。　结果　 1.颈深筋膜应分为四层 ,颈深筋膜深层分为翼筋膜和椎前筋膜 ,颈深筋膜各层均参与颈动脉鞘的形成。 2 .颈动脉间隙是一开放的间隙 ,其后外侧与颈后间隙相通 ;证实了危险间隙的存在。 3.重建出咽后间隙、颈动脉间隙和内脏间隙的三维图像 ,并能同时显示间隙内的主要结构。结论　得出了颈深筋膜和筋膜间隙的模式图 ,并为筋膜间隙的三维重建提供了一种新的方法。

A STUDY OF SECTIONAL ANATOMY AND 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DEEP CERVICAL FASCIA AND FASCIAL SPACE

Objective To describe and explain the appearance,position and relations of the cervical fascias and fascial spaces on the transverse sections and to provide anatomical data for the image and clinic diagnosis. Methods Cryosection and plastination were used to make serial cross section of the necks of 17 cadavers.With the double line to produce the outline of the fascial space,the deep cervical fascial spaces in three dimensions were reconstructed on a SGI work station. Results 1 The deep cervical fascia could be divided into four layers.The deep layer of the deep cervical fascia is subdivided into alar fascia and prevertebral fascia.The carotid sheath consists of all the layers of the deep cervical fascia.2 The carotid space was an open space,which communicated with the posterior cervical space posteriolaterally.3 The posterior pharyngeal space,carotid space and visceral space in three dimensions were reconstructed.The main structures of the fascial spaces were displayed as well.Conclusion\ The model picture of the deep cervical fascias and fascial spaces was drawn.A new method was provided to reconstruct the fascial space.