肺内液黏度和表面张力测量的临床意义与测量方法

肺内液主要指由气道黏液和肺泡内表面衬里液所形成的一连续液体薄层,对于维持肺的健康至关重要。介绍肺内液流变学特性在维持气道稳定性、保证肺正常的屏障与清除功能、避免呼吸机相关性肺损伤和新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征表面活性剂替代治疗等方面的临床意义,同时总结Langmuir-Wilhelmy天平法、捕获气泡法、毛细管黏度计和旋转黏度计等液体表面张力和黏度测量的经典方法,以及粒子追踪微流变仪、轴对称液滴边缘形状分析等新技术,比较这些方法的优缺点,为临床研究肺内液流变学特性辅助肺疾病的诊断和治疗提供重要参考。

Clinical Significance and Method of Measuring Lung Fluid Viscosity and Surface Tension

Pulmonary fluid refers to a thin and continuous liquid layer mainly consisting of airway mucus and lining liquid on the inner surface of alveoli, which is essential for maintaining a healthy lung. The clinical significance of rheological properties of pulmonary fluid in airway stability, pulmonary barrier and clearance functions, ventilator induced lung injury and surfactant replacement therapy in infant respiratory distress syndrome was introduced in this paper. Furthermore, a variety of classical methods for measuring surface tension and liquid viscosity, such as Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance, captive bubble method, glass capillary viscometer and rotational viscometer, and emerging techniques (e.g. particle tracking microrheometer and axisymmetric drop shape analysis) were reviewed, and their advantages and drawbacks were also compared, in order to provide an important reference for the assisted diagnosis and treatment of lung diseases in clinical practice.