枪弹冲击下新型防弹头盔质量对颈椎损伤影响

目的建立有效的头颈部及防弹头盔有限元模型,研究枪弹冲击不同质量防弹头盔时颈部的生物力学响应。方法通过在头盔本体(1.24 kg)增加附件均布质量2 kg,并加载手枪弹以450 m/s速度从正面、侧面、顶部冲击防弹头盔,获得人体颈椎的力学响应。结果受到冲击时,颈椎应力远大于颅骨应力。枪弹冲击防弹头盔时,相比头部,颈椎为易受伤部位,其中椎骨C3所受应力最大。不考虑增加附件质量时,子弹从正面、侧面、顶部方向冲击头盔时,侧面冲击对颈椎伤害最大,相比其他方向冲击最大应力约增加2.58%;同时正面冲击对头部损伤最大,应力约增加59.4%。考虑附件质量时,头盔质量越大对颈椎的损伤越严重。头盔质量从1.24 kg增加到3.24 kg,顶部冲击对颈椎的损伤最大,其应力相比其他方向冲击增加12.98%。结论在设计防弹头盔时应考虑其轻量化,研究结果为防弹头盔设计提供科学参考。

The Effect of Novel Ballistic Helmet Weight on Cervical Spine Injury under Bullet Impacts

Objective To establish a valid human head-neck model and ballistic helmet model, and analyze biomechanical responses of the cervical spine under bullet impacts on ballistic helmet with different weights. Methods A uniformly distributed weight of 2 kg was applied on the helmet (1.24 kg), and bullet impacts from frontal, lateral and crown directions at the speed of 450 m/s were considered to obtain the mechanical response of human vertebrae. Results The stress of the cervical spine was significantly higher than that of the skull under bullet impacts, and the stress of C3 segment was the largest, indicating that the cervical spine was more vulnerable than the head during bullet impacts under the protection of ballistic helmet. When the weight of helmet attachment was not considered, the maximum stress of the cervical spine under lateral impact was 2.58% higher than that under frontal and crown impacts. The frontal impact led to the greatest damage to the head, with an increase of 59.4% in head stress. When the weight of helmet attachment was considered, a lager helmet weight would cause a more serious spine injure. When the helmet weight was increased from 1.24 kg to 3.24 kg, the crown impact led to the greatest damage to the cervical spine, with an increase of 12.98% in cervical stress compared with impacts from other directions. Conclusions Lightweight should be considered in the design of ballistic helmet, and the research findings provide scientific references for the design of ballistic helmet.