关节软骨生物力学与力学生物学 2022 年研究进展

关节软骨是动关节内骨表面具有弹性的负重结缔组织，能提供低磨损润滑、缓冲震荡、传递载荷等支撑作用，具有层级纤维复合结构和优异的力学性能。软骨内没有血管、神经和淋巴，代谢缓慢，损伤后难以实现自我修复。目前，高发的关节炎疾病仍是基础与临床研究的一大热点。关节软骨是力学敏感组织，力学环境影响着组织不同方向的发展。2022年，学者们继续对关节软骨的生物力学与力学生物学开展大量研究；对软骨形态、功能与力学状态，以及不同条件下软骨力学状态的研究报道较多；研究设计了一些软骨相关的动物、组织及细胞水平的加载装置，也开展了体外及在体力学载荷下软骨退变、损伤的修复研究，获得了重要的修复方法及手段。关节软骨的生物力学与力学生物学研究是关节炎、软骨缺损及修复的基础，关节软骨损伤修复定量力学条件的影响还需体内和体外深入研究。

Research Progress on Biomechanics and Mechanobiology ofArticular Cartilage in 2022

As a kind of elastic load-bearing connective tissues on bone surface in dynamic joints, articular cartilage can provide low wear lubrication, shock absorption, load transfer and other supporting functions, and has hierarchical fiber composite structures and excellent mechanical properties. As an avascular and aneural tissue,the degenerated articular cartilage lacks the capability of self-healing after damage. The high incidence of arthritisis still a hot spot in basic and clinical researches. Articular cartilage is a mechanical sensitive tissue, and mechanical environment will affect the development of tissues in different directions. Extensive researches onbiomechanics and mechanobiology of articular cartilage were conducted in 2022. Many studies on morphology, function and mechanical state of cartilage,as well as mechanical state of cartilage under different conditions were reported. Some cartilage-related loading devices were designed at animal, tissue and cell levels. Researches onthe repair of cartilage degeneration and injury under mechanical loads were carried out in vitro and in vivo, and some important repair method and means were obtained. The biomechanical and mechanobiology research on articular cartilage is the basis of arthritis, cartilage defect and repair. The influence of quantitative mechanical under 4 conditions on the repair of articular cartilage injury needs further study in vivo and in vitro