利用有限元研究非贯穿弹道冲击防弹衣后人体躯干的力学响应

目的通过建立人体躯干有限元计算模型,对弹头非贯穿性弹道冲击下人体躯干主要脏器的力学响应进行数值模拟。方法利用正常成年男性的CT扫描数据,应用医学图像重建软件Mimics和有限元前处理工具Hy-perMesh进行人体躯干有限元建模,在显式动力有限元分析软件LS-DYNA中对速度为360 m/s的9 mm手枪弹弹头撞击装配有软质防弹衣人体躯干的压力、加速度响应进行数值计算。结果建立了包括胸廓骨骼结构、脏器、纵膈和肌肉/皮肤的人体躯干有限元模型,通过数值计算获得了心脏、肺脏、肝脏、胃的压力响应以及胸骨的加速度响应,发现不同脏器之间或同一脏器的不同位置,离弹头撞击点位置的远近决定了压力峰值的大小和出现压力峰值的时间。结论装配有软质防弹衣的人体躯干有限元计算模型可作为非贯穿弹道冲击下人体力学响应的仿真分析工具,仿真结果可为防弹衣后钝性损伤机制和防护研究提供依据。

Finite element analysis on mechanical responses of human torso with body armor to non penetrating ballistic impact

ObjectiveTo develop a finite element computational model of the torso for the numerical simulation of mechanical responses of human torso to non-penetrating ballistic impact. MethodsBased on the CT data of a Chinese adult man, the finite element model of human torso was created by using the medical image processing software Mimics and the finite element pre-processing software HyperMesh. The pressure and acceleration response of the human torso outfitted with soft body armor to the ballistic impact from 9 mm ammunition at a velocity of 360 m/s was calculated numerically by the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA. ResultsThe finite element model of human torso including thoracic skeletal structure, organs, mediastinum and muscle/skin was established. The pressure response of heart, lung, liver and stomach, as well as the acceleration response of sternum were obtained by numerical calculation. It was found that the peak pressure and its time phase were dependent on the distance between the impact point and the measured point wherever in various organs or different position of an organ. Conclusions The finite element computational model of human torso outfitted with soft body armor is available for the simulation of human response to non-penetrating ballistic impact, and the simulated response can be used as evidence for the investigation on mechanism and protection of behind armor blunt frauma.