n-HA/PA66椎体增强器和椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折的生物力学效果对比

目的对比研究n-HA/PA66椎体增强器和椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性骨折椎体的生物力学效果,并为临床上选择n-HA/PA66椎体增强器的入路方式和数量提供理论依据。方法在正常椎体T11～L3有限元模型的基础上,建立4种增强器-椎体T11～L3有限元模型(横突入路A、横突入路B、腰大肌入路A和腰大肌入路B)、两种删除椎体横突间韧带的对照组模型,以及两种骨水泥-椎体T11～L3有限元模型(1.8、3.6 mL骨水泥)。在9种有限元模型上均施加500 N垂直荷载和7 N·m不同方向力矩,计算分析模型在垂直、前屈、后伸、侧弯和扭转工况下的应力和位移,并基于计算结果探究两种不同骨质疏松性椎体骨折治疗方法对椎体的生物力学影响。结果在相同荷载工况下,注入骨水泥后椎体的应力较植入增强器后椎体的应力增加更大,且位移减量更小。4种增强器-椎体T11～L3有限元模型中,采用腰大肌入路A方式(即经腰大肌单侧植入1枚增强器)植入增强器使得椎体应力增加最小。结论为了降低应力增加而引起再次骨折的风险,同时增强骨折椎体的刚度,建议临床医生应优先采用经腰大肌单侧植入1枚增强器来治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折。

Comparison of Biomechanical Effects on n-HA/PA66 Vertebral Body Cage and Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Treating Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures

Objective To compare the biomechanical effects of n-HA/PA66 vertebral body cage and percutaneous vertebroplasty for treating osteoporotic vertebral fracture, so as to provide theoretical foundations for clinically choosing operative approach and numbers of n-HA/PA66 cage. Methods Based on finite element models of normal vertebral T11-L3, four finite element models of vertebral T11-L3 with n-HA/PA66 cage implanted by different approaches (transversus approach A, B and psoas major muscle approach A, B) were established. Two controlled models without intertransverse ligaments were also built. Besides, two finite element models of osteoporotic vertebral T11-L3 with injection of 1.8 mL or 3.6 mL bone cement were built, respectively. The loads of 500 N and force torque of 7 N·m from different directions were applied on nine models, to calculate and analyze the displacement and stress of the osteoporotic vertebrae during standing, extension, anteflexion, lateral bending, and rotation, and to investigate the biomechanical effects from two kinds of osteoporotic vertebral fracture treatment on vertebral body. Results Under the same loading, bone cement could lead to a larger stress increase while a smaller displacement decrease in vertebral body compared with n-HA/PA66 cage. The model with n-HA/PA66 cage implanted by psoas major muscle approach A (namely, a cage was implanted through psoas major muscle) had the minimal increase in vertebral stress while the maximum decrease in displacement. Conclusions In order to reduce the risk of the additional fracture due to stress increment and recover the stiffness of osteoporotic vertebrae, clinicians are suggested to implant one n-HA/PA66 cage through psoas major to treat the osteoporotic vertebral fractures.