骨水泥对椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松压缩性骨折的生物力学影响

目的运用有限元方法模拟椎体成形术中骨水泥剂量对不同骨质疏松程度胸腰椎T11~L3生物力学影响,为术前骨水泥注射量的选择提供理论依据。方法基于CT图像建立胸腰椎T11~L3有限元模型并验证。建立12个不注射骨水泥的不同骨质疏松程度椎体对照组模型,向椎体L1分别注射1.8、3.6 m L骨水泥,建立24个不同骨质疏松程度的骨水泥增强椎体有限元模型。在椎体T11上表面施加500 N垂直载荷和7 N·m力矩并计算分析椎体在垂直、后伸、前屈、侧弯及扭转工况下的应力和位移。结果注射骨水泥后,扭转载荷下椎体应力和位移变化最大。与对照组模型相比,注射1.8 m L骨水泥时,随椎体骨质疏松程度加重,扭转载荷下椎体L1应力从增加55.0%上升到87.7%,位移从减小6.5%上升到32.0%;最大骨质疏松程度的椎体T12和L2扭转应力变化率分别为3.6%和5.7%。注入3.6 m L骨水泥时,随椎体骨质疏松程度加重,扭转载荷下椎体L1应力从增加288.5%上升到313.8%,位移从减小8.9%上升到44.7%;最大骨质疏松程度的椎体T12和L2扭转应力变化率分别为7.3%、7.6%。结论骨质疏松程度的加重和骨水泥注射量的增加会引起椎体应力增加,特别是扭转载荷下椎体应力变化最大。对骨质疏松程度严重的骨折椎体选择小剂量骨水泥以避免较大的应力增加,且应限制病人的扭转活动。

Biomechanical Effects of Cement Volume on Treatment of Thoracolumbar Compression Fracture with Vertebroplasty

Objective To explore the biomechanical effect from different volumes of bone cement on osteoporotic spine T11-L3 at different levels of osteoporosis in vertebroplasty by the finite element method, so as to offer theoretical foundation for the selection of cement volume before vertebroplasty. Methods Based on CT scan images, the finite element models of spine T11-L3 were built and validated. Twelve models of osteoporotic spine T11-L3 without bone cement were developed as the control models. The spine L1 was injected with 1.8 mL and 3.6 mL bone cement, respectively, to strengthen the spine and build 24 models of spine T11-L3 at different levels of osteoporosis. The vertical load (500 N) and the torque (7 N·m) were applied on superior face of the spine T11 to calculate and analyze vertebral stress and displacement under the working conditions of standing, backward extension, anteflexion, lateral bending and rotation, respectively. Results After injection of bone cement, the changes in vertebral stress and displacement under torsional loads were the maximum. For the models with injection of 1.8 mL bone cement, as the levels of osteoporosis increased, the stress of spine L1 increased from 55.0% to 87.7%, and the displacement decreased from 6.5% to 32.0% under torsional loads. The torsional stress of spine T12 and L1 at the highest level of osteoporosis increased by 3.6% and 5.7%, respectively. For the models with injection of 1.8 mL bone cement, as the level of osteoporosis increased, the stress of spine L1 increased from 288.5% to 313.8%, and the displacement decreased from 8.9% to 44.7% under torsional loads. The torsional stress of spine T12 and L1 at the highest level of osteoporosis increased by 7.3% and 7.6%, respectively. Conclusions The deterioration in osteoporosis and the increase in cement volume will lead to the increase in vertebral stress. The vertebral stress and displacement will increase most under torsional loads. Therefore, for patients with vertebral fracture at high level of osteoporosis, low-dosage bone cement should be considered in order to avoid a large increase in stress, and torsional movement of the patients should be restricted.