运动调控间充质干细胞来源骨髓脂肪细胞的作用及前景

文题释义： 骨髓脂肪组织：是一种具有促进局部和全身代谢潜力的特殊脂肪组织，存在于包括尾骨、手骨和足骨在内的远端骨骼中，于个体出生时或稍早于出生时形成。 骨髓脂肪组织的成像和定量工具：目前骨髓脂肪组织的影像检测方法主要包括 MRI、CT。MRI包括T1加权磁共振成像、基于化学位移原理的质子磁共振波谱(MRS)及水脂分离成像，其中质子磁共振波谱被认为是测量骨髓脂肪含量的金标准。 背景：骨髓脂肪细胞来源于间充质干细胞群。研究发现，间充质干细胞可向其他类型细胞如成骨细胞、软骨细胞和肌细胞等方向分化。目前认为，骨髓脂肪组织是由于间充质干细胞可优先分化成脂肪细胞而生成，因此可负向调控成骨过程。运动可以促进骨质生成，并且在预防骨折发生的过程中起重要作用。研究发现，运动、饮食和罗格列酮均可影响骨髓脂肪组织的生成，但它们之间的作用关系并不明确。 目的：从运动、饮食和罗格列酮这3个方面综述其对骨髓脂肪组织的影响及其与骨密度变化之间的关系。 方法：使用计算机检索中国知网全文数据库、万方全文数据库、PubMed中与运动调节骨髓脂肪组织有关的文献，检索时限为1999年1月到2019年6月。以“marrow adipose tissue，exercise，rosiglitazone，high fat-diet，mesenchymal stem cell”为英文检索词，“骨髓脂肪组织，运动，罗格列酮，高脂饮食，间充质干细胞”为中文检索词，最终纳入66篇文献进行分析。 结果与结论：综合目前的研究结果，运动能影响高脂饮食和罗格列酮对骨髓脂肪组织形成的调控，运动干预能抑制间充质干细胞向骨髓脂肪组织的分化，且在运动干预骨髓脂肪组织的过程中还有多种其他途径参与调节脂肪合成、脂质吸收、骨合成代谢、骨髓造血功能等过程，说明运动干预对上述代谢过程具有重要的调节作用。未来应进一步探究运动干预骨髓脂肪组织的具体机制，以期使运动成为调控上述代谢过程的重要手段。 ORCID: 0000-0003-3011-2858(牛燕媚) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Exercises regulate bone marrow adipocytes derived from mesenchymal stem cells: roles and prospects

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells.It has been found that mesenchymal stem cells can also differentiate into osteoblasts,chondrocytes and myocytes.Current results show that marrow adipose tissue could negatively regulate the osteogenesis process because mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into adipocytes in priority.Exercise promotes bone formation and plays an important role in preventing fractures.Exercise,diet,and rosiglitazone are shown to affect the generation of marrow adipose tissue,but the relationship between them is not clear.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the effects of exercise,diet and rosiglitazone on marrow adipose tissue and their relationship with bone mineral density.METHODS:Studies related to exercise regulating marrow adipose tissue published from January 1999 to June 2019 in CNKI,WanFang and PubMed databases were retrieved.The search terms were“marrow adipose tissue,exercise,rosiglitazone,high fat-diet,mesenchymal stem cell”in English and Chinese,respectively.Finally 66 eligible articles were enrolled for analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Based on the current research results,exercise can affect the regulation of high-fat diet and rosiglitazone on the formation of bone marrow adipose tissue.Exercise intervention can inhibit the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into marrow adipose tissue.In the process of exercise intervention on marrow adipose tissue,there are many other ways participating in the regulation of fat synthesis,lipid absorption,bone metabolism,bone marrow hematopoietic function.Therefore,exercise intervention has an important part in regulating the above metabolic processes.In the future,the specific mechanism of exercise intervention in bone marrow adipose tissue should be further explored to make exercises become an important measure for regulating the above metabolic processes.