铁过载与糖尿病关系的研究进展

铁是生物体必不可少的微量元素,铁缺乏或铁过载均会导致铁代谢相关疾病。铁缺乏会导致缺铁性贫血,铁过载主要表现为遗传性血色素沉着症(HH)。研究发现HH与二型糖尿病(typeⅡ diabetes mellitus,T2DM)之间存在某种关联。大量的临床、流行病学和基础实验研究均表明组织铁沉积可能与T2DM的发生及其并发症有关。血清铁蛋白(ferritin)已经成为T2DM患者的重要检测指标之一。然而铁在T2DM发病过程中的作用机制研究较少。最新研究表明缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor 1α,HIF-1α)是连接铁代谢与糖代谢的关键因子。通过减少饮食中血红素铁的摄取、放血以及用铁螯合剂处理可以起到对HH诱导的T2DM的预防和治疗作用。

The Research Progress between Diabetes and Iron Overload

Iron is a trace element essential for life, both iron deficiency and iron overload can lead to iron metabolism disorders. Iron deficiency will lead to anemia, while iron overload will cause hereditary homeochromatosis HH）. Recent studies have discovered that there is some corelation between HH and type Ⅱ diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. A large number of clinical, epidemiological and experimental studies have revealed that tissue iron deposition may be related to the incidence of T2DM and its related complications. Serum ferritin concentration has become an important indicator of patients with T2DM. However, the research on the role of iron in the process of T2DM is less. The latest study has showed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α（HIF-1α） is a key factor connected the iron metabolism and glucose metabolism. By reducing the intake of iron, phlebotomy, and iron chelators can play some roles on the HH-induced T2DM prevention and treatment.