运动对动脉内皮功能的调控及血流剪切力的介导作用

<正>常的动脉内皮功能在调节血管通透性、维持正常的凝血功能以及免疫、炎症反应中起重要作用,受损的内皮功能则可引起血管的重构以及血栓、动脉粥样硬化等疾病的发生和发展。合理的运动训练能够通过促进一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、前列环素(prostacyclin,PGI2)等物质的分泌来维持和改善动脉内皮功能,并预防动脉粥样硬化的发生。而高强度运动训练则会导致氧化应激的发生并降低NO的生物活性,从而造成内皮功能障碍及心血管疾病的发生。大量研究表明,运动引起的血流剪切力幅度及形式的变化在上述血管生物学响应中起重要的介导作用。本文综述了运动训练对动脉内皮功能的调控作用、血流剪切力的介导作用以及相关分子生物学机制等方面的研究进展,为进一步深入研究运动调控内皮功能的血流动力学机制特别是血流剪切力的重要介导作用提供参考,同时也为通过监控血流剪切力等血流动力学参数以选择最佳运动方式提供一定的科学依据。

Regulation of artery endothelial function by exercise training and the role of wall shear stress

Endothelium with normal function plays a vital role in regulating vascular permeability, maintaining coagulation function,as well as immunological and inflammatory reaction,yet impaired endothelial function may lead to the formation and development of atherosclerosis. Moderate?intensity exercise training can improve arterial endothelial function and then prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis mainly due to the production of nitric oxide ( NO ) and prostacyclin ( PGI2 ) , while high?intensity exercise training is reported to augment cardiovascular risk associated with the occurrence of oxidative stress and the decrease of NO bioavailability. A number of investigations have demonstrated that the variations in the amplitude and pattern of wall shear stress induced by exercise training mediate the above?mentioned biological responses. In this article, we summarize the regulation of exercise training on artery endothelial function and the role of wall shear stress induced by exercises,as well as the associated molecular biological mechanism, which may provide references to further studying the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms in modulation of endothelial function by exercises,especially the exercise?induced wall shear stress in this modulation,and offer scientific evidences to monitor wall shear stress and other hemodynamic parameters to fit the optimal exercise modality.