Immunomodulatory and immunoregulatory nanomedicines for autoimmunity |
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Institution: | 1. Institut D’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, 08036, Spain;2. Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada |
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Abstract: | Autoimmune diseases, caused by cellularly and molecularly complex immune responses against self-antigens, are largely treated with broad-acting, non-disease-specific anti-inflammatory drugs. These compounds can attenuate autoimmune inflammation, but tend to impair normal immunity against infection and cancer, cannot restore normal immune homeostasis and are not curative. Nanoparticle (NP)- and microparticle (MP)-based delivery of immunotherapeutic agents affords a unique opportunity to not only increase the specificity and potency of broad-acting immunomodulators, but also to elicit the formation of organ-specific immunoregulatory cell networks capable of inducing bystander immunoregulation. Here, we review the various NP/MP-based strategies that have so far been tested in models of experimental and/or spontaneous autoimmunity, with a focus on mechanisms of action. |
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Keywords: | Immunomodulation Immunoregulation Nanoparticles Microparticles Nanomedicine Autoimmunity T-regulatory cells B-regulatory cells T-regulatory type 1 cells (TR1) |
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