乙型肝炎疫苗免疫19年后乙型肝炎病毒感染流行规律的变化

目的探讨乙肝疫苗长期免疫地区人群HBV流行规律的变化趋势。方法整群抽样结合横断面调查，用固相放射免疫法检测研究对象血清HBV感染标志并进行分析。结果（1）平均HBsAg阳性率为7．5％，0～19岁人群HBV感染指标显著低于≥20岁人群。（2）0～19岁人群HBsAg阳性率1985年高于2005年；1985年的抗-HBs水平随着年龄增长而上升，从1～岁组的12．4％到60～岁组的53．8％，而2005年0～19岁组的抗-HBs随着年龄的增长而下降；1985年抗-HBc阳性水平随着年龄增长而上升，2005年的0～19岁组的仅为2．8％～26．8％，显著下降。结论研究人群中HBV流行规律发生显著变化，0～19岁人群的HBV感染率远低于20岁以上人群，证实乙肝疫苗预防HBV感染取得显著成果。

Variations of hepatitis B virus infection epidemic pattern after long-term HBV vaccine immunization

OBJECTIVE: To study the epidemic pattern and trend of HBV infection in the area where the people had been immunized by HBV vaccine for 20 years. METHODS: The whole sampling method was applied in combination with cross-sectional investigation. Blood samples were taken from every member of families. Markers of HBV infection were determined by using solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA). RESULTS: (1) The average HBsAg positive rate was 7.5%. The positive rate of markers for HBV infection of 0-19 years old subjects were lower than those of > or = 20 years old subjects. (2) The positive rate of HBsAg of 0-19 years old subjects in 1985 was higher than that in 2005. The anti-HBs positive rate in 1985 stemded to be higher with age. It was 12.4% in 1- age group to 53.8% in >60 years age group. While the result of 2005 showed that the anti-HBs positive rate of 0-19 years old subjects dropped with age. The anti-HBc positive rate in 1985 also tended to be higher with age. But the result of 2005 showed that the rate of 0-19 years old subjects was just 1.4% to 16.8%. CONCLUSION: The epidemic patterns of HBV infection have had significant variations in the target population. HBV vaccine immunization has obtained excellent efficacy.