大豆异黄酮对脑缺血/再灌注诱导的线粒体损伤和脑细胞凋亡的影响

 目的:研究大豆异黄酮（SI）对全脑缺血/再灌注大鼠脑组织线粒体超微结构、细胞凋亡和细胞色素C（Cyt-C）、caspase-3及caspase-9表达的影响，探讨大豆异黄酮对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的作用及机制。方法: 60只健康成年SD 大鼠随机分为假手术组（sham）、缺血再灌注组（I/R）和大豆异黄酮预处理组（SI）。SI组给予SI 120 mg·kg-1·d-1连续灌胃21 d，其余2组用等体积生理盐水灌胃，每天1次，第22天I/R组和SI组行手术阻断三血管制备全脑缺血/再灌注模型。缺血1 h，再灌1 h后处死，取大脑皮层，光镜观察脑细胞形态学变化，透射电镜观察线粒体超微结构变化，流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率，半定量RT-PCR法和免疫组织化学法测定脑组织中Cyt-C、caspase-9及caspase-3的表达。结果: I/R组线粒体膜崩解、嵴消失，脑细胞大量凋亡。与I/R组相比，大豆异黄酮预处理能明显改善线粒体超微结构的损伤，减少脑细胞凋亡率（P<0.01）。I/R组Cyt-C、caspase-9和caspase-3 mRNA的表达和蛋白的含量高于sham 组（P<0.01），与I/R组相比，SI组Cyt-C、 caspase-9及caspase-3 mRNA 和蛋白的表达显著降低（P<0.01）。结论: 大豆异黄酮可能通过稳定线粒体结构，减少线粒体释放Cyt-C，降低caspase-9和caspase-3的表达，抑制细胞凋亡，从而减轻脑缺血/再灌注损伤。

Effects of soybean isflavones on mitochondrial damage and neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

AIM: To study the effects of soybean isoflavones on mitochondrial ultrastructure, neuronal apoptosis and expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.METHODS: Adult healthy SD rats (n=60) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) group and soybean isoflavone (SI) pretreatment group. Soybean isoflavones (120 mg·kg-1·d-1) were fed by gastric lavage for 21 d. The global ischemia/reperfusion model of the rats was established by blocking 3 vessels, and then reperfused for 1 h after 1 h of ischemia. The morphological change of the cerebral cortex cells was observed under light microscope. The mitochondrial ultrastructure of the cerebral cortex cells was determined by transmission electron microscope. The apoptotic rate of the cerebral cortex cells was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex cells was determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical techniques.RESULTS: Disintegration of mitochondria membrane and disappearance of the mitochondrial cristae were seen in I/R group. Compared with I/R group, the change of ultrastructure of mitochondria was significantly improved by soybean isoflavone pretreatment, and the neuronal apoptotic rate was also significantly decreased (P<0.01). The mRNA expression and protein content of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in I/R group were obviously higher than those in sham group (P<0.01). Compared with I/R group, the mRNA expression and protein content of cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 in SI group were significantly decreased  (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Soybean isoflavones attenuate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by stabilizing the structure of mitochondria, preventing cytochrome C release to the cytoplasm， inhibiting the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and decreasing cell apoptosis．