地震灾区学生和成年人的心理健康对照分析

目的 了解地震灾区学生和成人在心理健康方面的影响情况,从而指导灾后心理危机干预工作的进行.方法 采用卫生部<紧急心理危机干预指导原则>中附录的心理健康自评问卷(SRQ-20),对四川汶川地震中729名学生和493名成年人以帐篷为单位进行现场抽签法来进行抽样调查,学生组发放问卷734份,收回734份,有效问卷729份,有效率99.32%;成人组发放问卷496份,收回496份,有效问卷493份,有效率99.39%.结果(1)学生组出现频率最高的症状为"你是否感觉不安、紧张或担忧?",出现率为65.0%;其他依次排列前5位的问题分别为"你是否易受惊吓?"、"你是否感觉不快乐?"、"你是否容易疲劳?"、"你是否发现自己很难做决定?".成人组出现频率最高的症状为"你是否感觉不安、紧张或担忧?",出现率为80.5%;其他依次排列前5位的问题分别为"你是否感觉不快乐?"、"你是否容易疲劳?"、"你是否睡眠差?"、"你是否易受惊吓?".(2)学生组SRQ的总分平均为(6.58±3.99)分,其中男生(6.07±4.02)分,女生(7.03±3.91)分;成人组SRQ总分平均为(7.36±3.98)分,其中男性(6.68±3.82)分,女性(7.99±4.03)分.女性和总体方面学生组和成人组两者之间差异均存在统计学意义(t女性=2.985,P＜0.01;t总体=3.332,P＜0.01).(3)学生组SRQ阳性筛查率为46.50%,成人组为52.33%.SRQ≥7分的学生组总分(10.12±2.64)分,SRQ＜7分的学生组总分为(3.51±1.82)分,SRQ≥7分的成人组总分(10.45±2.77)分,SRQ＜7分的成人组总分为(3.96±1.65)分,学生组内和成人组内均存在统计学意义(t1=39.771,P＜0.01;t2=31.961,P＜0.01).SRQ≥7分的女性学生组总分为(10.10±2.54)分,SRQ≥7分的女性成人组总分为(10.72±2.89)分,两组之间存在统计学意义(t=23.641,P＜0.01);SRQ＜7分的学生组总分为(3.51±1.82)分,SRQ＜7分的成人组总分为(3.96±1.65)分,SRQ＜7分的女性学生组总分为(3.62±1.72)分,SRQ＜7分的女性成人组总分为(4.18±1.49)分,两组在总体和女性方面差异均存在统计学意义(t1=3.092,P＜0.01;t2=2.911,P＜0.01).(4)SRQ总分与性别和年龄呈正相关(rsRQ总分-性别=0.118,P=0.000;rSRQ总分-年龄=0.103,P=0.000).结论学生和成年人受灾人群的情感痛苦症状均集中在"紧张不安、不快乐、容易疲劳"等问题上,成年人组症状发生率高于学生组,成年人组的心理健康状况较学生组严重,其受性别和年龄方面因素制约.

A comparative study on mental health among students and adults in the earthquake-hit areas

Objective To understand mental health status of the students and adults in the earthquake disaster areas,as to providing guidance on intervention for post-disaster psychological crisis.Methods The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20),an appendix of The Ministry of Health of "emergency psychological crisis intervention guiding principles",was used among 1222 victims in Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan province.This questionnaire survey was conducted in 729 students and 493 adult victims in a randomized method.Of the 734 questionnaires distributed and received in students,729 were validly responded with efficiency rate of 99.32% ; while for adults,496 questionnaires distributed,496 received,493 were valid with efficiency rate of 99.39%.Results ( 1 )In students victims,65% responded that they did feel "uneasy,nervous or worried",followed by "easy to be scared","feel unhappy","easy fatigue" and" hard to make a decision".For adult victims,80.5% replied that they felt "uneasy,nervous or worried",followed by "feel unhappy" ,"easy fatigue" ,"difficult sleeping" ,"easy to be scared".(2) The average of the SRQ score of student victims was 6.58±3.99,and 6.07±4.02 for males,7.03 ±3.91 for females.The average of the SRQ score of student victims was 7.36±3.98,male 6.68±3.82,female 7.99±4.03.The significant differences (twomen = 2.985,P＜0.01 ;ttotal=3.332,P＜0.01) was observed in women and the total group of students and adults.(3)The SRQ positive screening rate of students group was 46.50%,the adult group was 52.33%,SRQ≥7 points and SRQ ＜7 sub-group of students and adults of the total score there were significant differences (t1 = 39.771,P ＜ 0.01 ; t2 = 31.961,P ＜ 0.01 ).SRQ≥7 sub-group of students and adult women in between there was a significant difference(t = 23.641,P ＜ 0.01), SRQ ＜ 7 sub-group of students and adults in general and women there were significant differences (t1 = 3.092,P＜0.01; t2 =2.911,P＜0.01).(4)SRQ scores with gender and age had had a positive relation (rSR tatol-sex=0.118,P=0.000;rSRQ total-age=0.103,P=0.000).Conclusion The emotional suffering symptoms of students victims and adult victims should be" nervous,unhappy,vulnerable on issues such as fatigue" ,the adult group had a higher symptom rate than the group of students,the mental health was more serious than that of students,as influenced by some factors including age and gender.Students,being a special population group should be paid more attention to focusing a designated behavior intervention,as a planned manner of intervention.