股骨近端解剖与生物力学研究进展

髋部骨折是老年人主要的致伤和致死原因之一,随着我国人口的老龄化进展,其发生率也逐渐增加,给家庭和社会带来沉重的经济负担。髋部骨折的主要治疗方法包括骨折内固定术和髋关节置换术。综述股骨近端解剖结构特点与载荷传递机制的关系、股骨近端皮质骨和松质骨的力学分布以及国内外对于髋部骨折风险预测的生物力学研究方法的最新进展,从生物力学角度理解髋部骨折,提高老年人髋部骨折风险预测的准确性,促进股骨近端骨折治疗方法和内植物的正确选择和应用。

Advances in anatomy and biomechanics of the proximal femur

Hip fracture is one of the major causes of death and injuries of the elderly, and its occurrence rate is increasing with the progress of aging population, which becomes a heavy economic burden on the family and society. The main treatment for proximal femoral fractures includes fracture fixation and hip arthroplasty. This review is focused on the relationship between anatomical structure and load transfer mechanism of the proximal femur, mechanical distributions on cortical and cancellous bone in the proximal femur, and the latest progress in biomechanical research on risk prediction of hip fracture both in China and abroad, which will contribute to understand hip fracture from a biomechanical perspective, improve the accuracy of risk prediction of hip fracture in the elderly, as well as treatment of hip fracture, the correct selection and application of othopaedic implants.