军事飞行员工作应激与人格的相关性研究

目的飞行员是应激最为严重的职业之一,工作压力感是工作应激与应激反应的中介变量,人格因素在应激防御中也有重要的作用,因此本研究调查了飞行员工作压力感和人格之间的关系,为飞行职业应激研究和干预提供指导。方法采用工作压力感问卷（job stress questionnaire,JSQ）、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版（rivised Eysenck personality questionnaire-short scale for Chinese,EPQ-RS）、航空安全控制点问卷（aviation safety locus of control inventry,ASLOCI）、坚韧人格问卷（hardy personality question-naire,HPQ）调查飞行员166人（歼击机飞行员67人,直升机飞行员36人,直升机飞行学员44人和运输机飞行员19人）,分析其工作压力感状况及与人格之间的关系。结果工作压力感问卷内部一致性系数为0.710,满足心理测量学要求。方差分析表明不同机型飞行员之间缺乏控制和时间压力维度之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。工作压力感与EPQ-E、坚韧人格和ASLOCI总分呈负相关（r=-0.402,-0.480,-0.409,P〈0.01）,与EPQ-N和ASLOCI外控维度呈正相关（r=0.543,0.375,P〈0.01）。结论工作压力感问卷可用于飞行员工作压力评价,不同机型飞行员群体的工作压力之间存在差异,外控和情绪不稳定的飞行员工作压力感高,而内控、外向和坚韧人格的飞行员工作压力感低,在工作应激研究和干预中应予注意。

Correlational study on job stress and personality among military pilots

Objective Aviation is one of the occupations with the most serious stress.Feeling of job pressure is an intervening variable between job stress and stress reaction.Personality plays an important role in stress defense.So in the study,we examined the relationship between feeling of job pressure and personality among the pilots in order to provide guidance for the study and intervention of occupational stress.Methods A total of 166 pilots,including 67 fighter pilots,36 helicopter pilots,44 helicopter student pilots and 19 transporter pilots,were examined with job stress questionnaire(JSQ),rivised Eysenck personality questionnaire-short scale for Chinese(EPQ-RS),aviation safety locus of control inventory(ASLOCI)and hardy personality questionnaire(HPQ).The relationship between feeling of work pressure and personality was analyzed.Results The coefficient of internal consistency of JSQ is 0.710 which is acceptable in psychometrics.The ANOVA indicates that the difference between lack of control and JSQ sub-dimension scores among different plane groups is of statistic significance(P<0.05).JSQ negatively correlates to EPQ-E,HPQ and ASLOCI total score respectively(r=-0.402,-0.480,-0.409,P<0.01),and positively correlates to EPQ-N and external control dimension score of ASLOCI(r=0.543,0.375,P<0.01).Conclusion JSQ is an acceptable measurement in pilots.There is difference in job stress among pilots on different aircrafts.External control and emotionally unstable pilots are prone to have high level of job stress while internal control,extrovert and hardy individuals may feel less job stress.All results can be used in guiding job stress study and intervention among pilots.