呼吸内科下呼吸道感染病原菌及耐药分析

目的了解医院呼吸科下呼吸道感染的病原菌分布及耐药性情况。方法收集呼吸科下呼吸道感染住院患者的痰标本,进行统计分析。结果检测出革兰阴性菌占71.8%,前三位分别是铜绿假单胞菌(29.3%)、鲍曼不动杆菌(13.5%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(10.5%);真菌占24.4%,以白色念珠菌为主;革兰阳性菌中占3.8%,以金黄色葡萄球菌(2.6%)为主;药敏试验显示,革兰阴性菌中,亚胺培南耐药率最低,其次为阿米卡星;革兰阳性菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌对利奈唑胺、万古霉素无耐药,发现耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(66.7%)。结论呼吸科细菌耐药现象严重,需要进一步规范抗生素的应用,减少耐药菌的产生。

Analysis of pathogenic bacteria and their drug resistance in patients with lower respiratory infection in the department of respiratory medicine in 2011

Objective To investigate the pathogenic bacteria distribution and their drug resistance in patients with lower respirato- ry infection. Methods The sputum of all patients was collected and cultured, and then the sputum samples were analyzed. Results The results showed that gram-negative bacteria took up 71.8% , fungi 24. 4% and gram-positive bacteria 3.8%. The main kind of gram-nega- tive bacteria was pseudomonas aemginosa （29.3%）, followed by baumanii （ 13.5% ） and klebsiella pneumoniae （ 10. 5% ）. Fungi main- ly were candida albicans and gram-positive bacteria were staphylococcus aureus. Gram-negative bacteria showed the lowest resistance to imipenem, followed by amikacin. Staphylococcus aureus had no resistance to vancomycin and linezolid, but showed a certain resistance to meticillin sodium. Conclusion Most bacteria in patients with lower respiratory infection show a certain resistance to many antibiotics. Therefore, the rational use of antibiotics is very important for the containment of bacterial resistance.