医院获得性肺炎的病原学研究进展

反流和误吸导致上消化道和口咽部定植菌被吸入到下呼吸道是医院获得性肺炎(HAP)的重要原因。HAP多数由细菌引起,许多由多重细菌引起。革兰阴性杆菌是HAP的主要病原菌,革兰阳性球菌感染病原菌主要为金黄色葡萄球菌。病原菌与医院类别、收治对象、抗生素使用及治疗措施等有关,并随时间变化。HAP具有很高的发病率和病死率。了解HAP的病原学特点对于指导临床治疗有很重要的意义。

Progress in Etiology of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

The bacteria colonizing on upper gastrointestinal tract and pharynx oralis were absorpted into lower respiratory tract, which result in reflowing and aspiration and become an important cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia（HAP）. HAP is caused by a wide spectrum of bacterial pathogens, mostly polymicrobial. Common pathogens of HAP include aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Infections are always caused by gram-posi- tive cocci. The frequency of pathogens causing HAP varies with hospitals, patient population, exposure to anti- biotics, and changes over time. HAP is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It is important for clinical treatment to understand the etiology of the HAP.