上海市区大气细颗粒物不同成分对血管内皮细胞的氧化损伤

目的]通过体外细胞实验观察大气细颗粒物不同成分对血管内皮细胞的氧化损伤作用，进而了解其对心血管系统的毒作用机制。方法]提取细颗粒物水溶成分、非水溶成分和有机提取物对人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（endothelial cells，EC-304）进行染毒，各成分染毒剂量均设为100、200、400μg／mL 3个剂量组；另设药物干预组：细颗粒物3种成分染毒剂量均为400μg／mL，同时加入10μmol／L浓度的阿托伐他汀钙药物。测定染毒后细胞存活率和细胞内丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量，并对染毒后细胞内超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）和活性氧（reactive oxygen species，ROS）的变化进行定性和定量观察。结果]经大气细颗粒物3种成分染毒后，EC-304细胞存活率明显下降，细胞内MDA随颗粒物染毒剂量升高而升高。细胞内SOD在染毒1h时即出现下降，并随染毒剂量升高而降低，且染毒剂量相同时，水溶成分的毒作用高于有机提取物，亦高于非水溶成分。随着染毒剂量的增加，细胞内ROS明显增加（P〈0．01），且有机提取物和水溶成分产生ROS的能力明显高于非水溶成分（P〈0．01）。加入阿托伐他汀钙后，细胞内MDA和ROS较未加药物组明显降低，SOD则明显增加。结论]大气细颗粒物不同成分能导致血管内皮细胞出现氧化损伤，呈剂量-反应关系，氧化损伤可能是大气细颗粒物心血管毒性的作用机制之一。

Oxidative Stress of Different Fine Particle Components in the Atmosphere of Shanghai on Vascular Endothelial Cell

Objective ] To observe the oxidative stress of different fine particle components in the atmosphere on human umbilical vein endothelial ceils and to explore the potential mechanism. Methods ] The vascular endothelial cells EC-304 were treated by organic extracts, soluble and insoluble components of atmospheric fine particles （ exposure doses： 100 μg/mL, 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL, respectively for each of the 3 kinds of components ）. For the intervention group, EC-304 were exposed to the 400 μg/mL organic, soluble and insoluble extracts of fine particles, respectively, followed by an intervention of astorvastatin in concentration of 10 μmol/L. Cell activity and the levels of malondialdehyde （ MDA ）and superoxide dismutase （ SOD ）were detected. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species （ ROS ） was observed using qualitative and quantitative analysis method. Results ] The results showed that organic extracts, soluble and insoluble components of fine particle caused the decrease of cell survival rate, decrease of SOD and the increase of MDA in a dose-dependent manner. Quantity of ROS increased after exposure to diverse components of fine particle. At the same exposure dose, organic extracts and soluble components showed more toxicity to cells than that of insoluble components. Meanwhile, according to the results of treatment with statins, levels of MDA and ROS in cells decreased greatly, and cell activity and SOD increased significantly. Conclusion ] Diverse components of fine particle caused oxidative stress in vascular endothelial cells. Compared with cells exposed to insoluble components, organic extracts and soluble components showed more severe toxicity. The oxidative stress was suggested as one of the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity caused by fine particles. In summary, diverse components of fine particles could lead to different toxicity to cardiovascular system.