肩胛下经胸入路切除及重建治疗上胸椎肿瘤

目的 探讨肩胛下经胸入路切除及重建上胸椎肿瘤的技术及方法 ,分析患者的手术治疗效果及手术相关并发症.方法 收集自2003年2月至2005年2月北京大学人民医院骨肿瘤科手术治疗的上胸椎椎体(T1-4)肿瘤患者21例,转移癌11例,嗜酸性肉芽肿2例,骨肉瘤1例,尤文肉瘤2例,软骨肉瘤2例.骨巨细胞瘤2例,淋巴瘤1例.采用经肩胛下胸腔入路行上胸椎肿瘤切除、脊髓减压,结合人工椎体植入或者单纯植骨、前路侧方内固定术.结果 所有患者术后疼痛均得到缓解.3例出现截瘫症状的患者术后Frankel分级由A级改善为D级,2例患者下肢感觉肌力恢复正常.术后2例患者出现肺部炎症、肺不张,1例患者出现脑脊液胸腔漏,1例患者术后出现胸主动脉破损出血.术后随访11～58个月,其中9例患者死亡,包括7例转移癌、1例尤文肉瘤、1例骨肉瘤患者.结论 经肩胛下胸腔入路切除颈胸段及上胸椎肿瘤是处理上胸椎病变的理想入路,尤其是对于累及椎体及一侧椎弓根的患者尤为适宜.该手术方式可以充分显露前方椎体的病变,可以有效地解除来自前方椎体的脊髓压迫.

Resection and reconstruction of upper thoracic tumor by high transthoracic approach

Objective To define the role of high transthoracic approach in the treatment of cervicothoracic and high thoracic tumor, and analyze the problem encountered during tumor resection and reconstruction of this technique and oncological Results of patients who received this type of surgery. Methods Twenty-one patients with cervicothoracic and high thoracic tumor(T1-4) were treated with high transthoracic approach. This series included metastatic tumor 11 patients, eosinophilic granuloma of bone 2 patients, osteosarcoma 1 patient, Ewing's sarcoma 2 patients, chondrosarcoma 2 patients, giant cell tumor 2 patients, lymphoma 1 patient. High transthoracic approach was applied to these patients for tumor resection and spinal cord decompression. Reconstruction method included artificial vertebrae implantation or bone graft implantation combined with anterior internal fixation. Results Chest-back pain of all patients relieved significantly after operation. Paraplegia of 3 patients was improved from grade A to grade D according to Frankel grading system, the other 2 patients recovered completely. Pulmonary infection and pulmonary atelectasis occurred in 2 patients; cerebrospinal fluid leakage happened in 1 patient; thoracic aorta rupture happened in 1 patient. The follow-up period was 11-58 months, 9 patients died, including 7 patients with metastatic cancer, 1 patient with Ewing's sarcoma, 1 patient with osteosarcoma. Conclusions High transthoracic approach is a satisfactory method in dealing with the lesion of cervicothoracic and high thoracic vertebrae, especially with the lesion involving the vertebrae and single vertebral arch. The thoracic canal can be decompressed effectively by this approach.