海南抗疟四十年

海南省历史上是著名的高疟区,抗疟前疟疾遍布全省农村,8种按蚊查获疟原虫自然感染,4种人疟原虫均有发现,居民原虫率山区74％,丘陵区34％,平原区12％。1959年开始全面抗疟,采取杀虫剂滞留喷洒灭蚊为主,经过30多年的防治,疟区已大面积缩小,疟疾发病率由1955年的1036.5/万降至1992年的11.5/万,成效卓著。目前疟疾分布局限于山区和一些近山丘陵区,以大劣按蚊为主要媒介,存在灶点和上山感染是其流行特征;次要媒介为微小按蚊,常可引起外来人群和新建居民点的点状暴发;平原区已无疟疾发生。全省每年约有4万疟疾病例,其中1/3病例为抗氯喹恶性疟,防治技术难题尚未完全解决,疟疾仍然是全省需要优先解决的公共卫生问题之一。

MALARIA CONTROL IN HAINAN ISLAND DURING THE PAST 40 YEARS

Malaria was prevalent in the rural area throughout the Hainan Island in the early 1950s. The incidence and parasite rate of ma-laria were about 30% and 53% respectively. All the four species of human plasmodia were found and six species of Anopheline mosquitos were transmission vectors. Since 1959 antimalaira campaign was launched and integrated control measures of insecticide sprayings in combination with the treatment and prophylaxis of malaria cases were carried out all over Hainan Island. The endemic areas of malaria have been greatly decreased due to the intensive efforts of antimalaria made in the last more than three decades. As a result malaria incidence dropped down to 11.5 per ten thousands in 1992. At present the endemic of malaria was restricted in mountainousand hilly areas where Anopheles dirus is the major vector and the chloroquine-resistant falciparummalaria accounts for one third of the malaria cases. Becauseof technical problems of malaria control have not been solved completely malaria still ranks the priority problem of public health to be deal with in Hainan Island.