娄底市地方性氟中毒现况调查

目的 调查地方性氟中毒(地氟病)的现状，探讨致病因素，为改灶降氟提供科学依据。方法 根据农村居民使用燃料类型，分类抽样，检查学生氟斑牙、尿氟，并测定食物、饮水、煤的含氟量。结果 不同燃料类型的乡镇居民都查出地氟病，以煤为惟一燃料的乡镇人群患病率高。历史地氟病病区仍是病区，新发现病区乡镇5个。用煤火薰的茶叶、辣椒、腊肉、干蔬菜含氟高。结论 煤氟高加上居民不合理的建房结构和炉灶设置，厨房无排气装置及围灶取暖、烟薰食品等综合作用导致地氟病。

Investigation on current prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Loudi city, Hunan province

Objective To investigate the prevalence of endemic fluorosis in Loudi, a city in central Hunan province and analyze the risk factors for the disease, so as to collect scientific evidence for the project of reducing fluoride by means of stove improvement. Methods Dental fluorosis of school-children was examined and fluoride contents in urine, foodstuffs, water and coal were tested by classified sampling in accordance with different kinds of fuel used by local rural residents. Results Endemic foci of fluorosis was found in all the townships investigated, where different kinds of fuel were used for household and, incidence of fluorosis was much higher in residents who burnt coal as the sloe fuel. Fluorosis continued to be prevalent in former endemic areas and five townships were newly found to be fluorosis endemic. And high contents of fluoride were detected in coal-smoked tea, hot pepper, bacon and dried vegetable. Conclusions The high concentration of fluoride in coal for household use is the primary cause of fluorosis. The improper construction of dwellings and stoves are unsuitable for indoor ventilation and the backward life habits of keeping warm with an open stove and eating coal-smoked food, all those factors together facilitate fluorosis prevalence in the investigated areas.